Reference

Effects of animal antiviral chemicals on plant viruses

Effects of animal antiviral chemicals on plant viruses. Dawson, W. O. (Dep. Plant. Pathol., Univ. California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA). Phytopathology, 74(2), 211-13 (English) 1984. CODEN: PHYTAJ. ISSN: 0031-949X. DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal CA Section: 5 (Agrochemical Bioregulators) Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and cowpea (Vigna ungiuculata) chlorotic mottle virus were effectively inhibited by 14 of 27 chems. reported to be active against several animal viruses. Adenine arabinoside [5536-17-4], ribavirin [36791-04-5], guanidine [113-00-8], cordycepin [73-03-0], tubercidin [69-33-0], (S)-9-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)adenine [54262-83-8], distamycin A [636-47-5], 2,3-bis-(acetylmercaptomethyl)quinoxaline [36014-40-1], cycloleucine [52-52-8], 3-deazauridine [39935-49-4], 2,3-diaminopyridine [452-58-4], 8-azaguanine [134-58-7], 2-thiouracil [141-90-2], and 5-azacytidine [320-67-2] were inhibitory. The ability of such a large proportion of the chems. tested to inhibit both plant viruses suggest the possibility of a wide-spectrum antiviral compd. for plant viruses. The selectivity of these compds., measured as the concn. required to inhibit virus multiplication in leaf disks compared to the concn. that allowed growth and differentiation of tobacco tissue cultures, was low for most. Adenine arabinoside, ribavirin, (S)-9-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)adenine, and 5-azacytidine, however, allowed callus growth at concns. greater than that required to inhibit virus multiplication in leaf disks, but these concns. did not induce TMV-infected tobacco callus to grow free of TMV. Some of the tobacco callus cultures that grew on noninhibitory concns. 452-58-4 and 134-58-7 are just another two chemicals used in this study. of cycloleucine or 3-deazauridine, however, became free of TMV. .

Methylations of adenosine residues (m6A) in pre-mRNA are important for formation of late simian virus 40 mRNAs

Methylations of adenosine residues (m6A) in pre-mRNA are important for formation of late simian virus 40 mRNAs. Finkel, David; Groner, Yoram (Dep. Virol., Weizmann Inst. Sci., Rehovot, Israel). Virology, 131(2), 409-25 (English) 1983. CODEN: VIRLAX. ISSN: 0042-6822. DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal CA Section: 3 (Biochemical Genetics) Cycloleucine (I) [52-52-8], a competitive inhibitor of methionine transferase, was used to generate in vivo partially methylated mRNA in SV40 virus-infected BSC-1 cells. I at 0.5 mg/kmL causes >30% decrease in internal N6-methyladenosine (m6A) [1867-73-8] in late SV40 mRNA with only a minor effect on the dimethyladenosine of the 5' caps m7GpppmAm. After treatment with 2 and 5 mg/mL of I, internal m6As were reduced by 10- and 100-fold, resp. The inhibition of BSC-1 mRNA methylations paralleled that obsd. for late SV40 mRNAs. In cells exposed to 2 mg/mL I, prodn. of late SV40 mRNA was inhibited by 80%, whereas the amt. of SV40 nuclear RNA was only slightly reduced. Size fractionation of SV40 nuclear RNA from I-treated cells revealed a loss of SV40 19 S RNA with a corresponding increase of fragmented RNA sedimenting between 11 to 5 S, so that the total amt. of SV40 RNA in the nucleus was almost unchanged. Anal. of viral transcription complexes from I-treated cells indicated that SV40 transcription was unaffected by I. SV40-transformed cells, in contrast to BSC-1 cells, were able to process and transport undermethylated RNA. When transformed cells were treated with 2 mg/mL I, no changes in quantities or size of cytoplasmic and nuclear RNA were detected. 1867-73-8 and 58-61-7 are just another two chemicals used in this study. The data argues for a role of internal m6A moieties in modulating the processing-linked transport of mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm of nontransformed cells. Transformed cells may escape these controls due to structural alterations in their perinuclear regions. .