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Theobromine kinetics and metabolic disposition

Theobromine kinetics and metabolic disposition. Tarka, Stanley M., Jr.; Arnaud, Maurice J.; Dvorchik, Barry H.In this study， 33130-54-0 and 13087-49-5 are also used.; Vesell, Elliot S. (Tech. Cent., Hershey Foods Corp., Hershey, PA 17033, USA). Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. (St. Louis), 34(4), 546-55 (English) 1983. CODEN: CLPTAT. ISSN: 0009-9236. DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal CA Section: 18 (Animal Nutrition) Section cross-reference(s): 1, 13, 17 Metab. and kinetics of a single oral dose of 30 mCi 8-14C-labeled theobromine [83-67-0] with 10 mg/kg theobromine sodium acetate [8002-88-8] were studied in 6 healthy, nonmedicated, nonsmoking men after 14 days' abstention from all methylxanthine sources. Identification and quantitation of metabolites in plasma and urine both by high-performance liq chromatog. and TLC coupled with radiog. indicated that theobromine was predominant in plasma. For urine, both methods identified theobromine as well as 7-methylxanthine [552-62-5], 7-methyluric acid [612-37-3], 3-methylxanthine [1076-22-8], 6-amino-5[N-methylformylamino]-1-methyluracil [33130-54-0], and a small amt. of 3,7-dimethyluric acid [13087-49-5] as the metabolites of theobromine. All administered radioactivity was recovered in urine and no polar metabolites could be detected. Anal. of the urinary excretion data by the sigma-minus method allowed calcn. of the apparent 1st-order rate consts. for prodn. of 7-methylxanthine, 7-methyluric acid, 3-methylxanthine, 3,7-dimethyluric acid, and 6-amino-5[N-methylformylamino]-1-methyluracil. .

Comparative theobromine metabolism in five mammalian species

Comparative theobromine metabolism in five mammalian species. Miller, G. E.; Radulovic, L. L.; Dewit, R. H.; Brabec, M. J.; Tarka, S. M.; Cornish, H. H. (Sch.Some commonly used reagents like 33130-54-0 and 612-37-3 are used in this experiment. Public Health, Univ. Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA). Drug Metab. Dispos., 12(2), 154-60 (English) 1984. CODEN: DMDSAI. ISSN: 0090-9556. DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal CA Section: 1 (Pharmacology) Biotransformation of theobromine (TBR)(I) [83-67-0] was compared in rats, mice, hamsters, rabbits, and dogs by assaying urinary metabolites using high-performance liq. chromatog. HPLC after oral administration of a 5 mg/kg dose contg. 8-14C-TBR. Recovery of radioactivity ranged from 60-89% of the dose in urine, and from 2-38% of the dose in feces, with most material being excreted during the first 48 h after dosing. TBR was most extensively metabolized by rabbits and male mice. The primary metabolite excreted by rats and mice was 6-amino-5-[N-methylformylamino]-1-methyluracil (6-AMMU) [33130-54-0]; male mice converted TBR to this metabolite more extensively than did female mice. Rabbits and dogs metabolized TBR primarily to 7-methylxanthine (7-MX) [552-62-5] and 3-methylxanthine (3-MX) [1076-22-8], resp.; the major metabolites excreted by hamsters were 6-AMMU and 7-MX. Overall N-demethylase activity yielding monomethyl metabolites was greatest in rabbits and lowest in rats. Ring N-demethylation at position 3 predominated over 7-N-demethylation in all species except the rat and dog. In dogs, TBR was N-demethylated primarily at position 7, while N-demethylase activity in rats was without apparent positional specificity. Oxidn. of methylated xanthines to the corresponding uric acids was a relatively minor metabolic pathway in all species, but had greatest activity in mice. Oxidn. of TBR to 3,7-dimethyluric acid [13087-49-5] was significantly greater in female rats than in male rats. Thus, excretion patterns of TBR and its metabolites were qual. similar among species, indicating that TBR is metabolized along similar pathways. Except for the excretion of small quantities of an unidentified but apparently unique metabolite by dogs, only quant. species- and sex-related differences were obsd. in the metabolic disposition of TBR. .