Detail of "56-47-3"

Reference

Effects of flow rate, duration of stimulation and mineralocorticoids on the electrolyte concentrations of mandibular saliva from the red kangaroo (Macropus rufus)

Effects of flow rate, duration of stimulation and mineralocorticoids on the electrolyte concentrations of mandibular saliva from the red kangaroo (Macropus rufus). Beal, A. M. (Sch. Zool., Univ. New South Wales, Kensington NSW 2003, Australia). J. Exp. Biol., 126, 315-39 (English) 1986. CODEN: JEBIAM. ISSN: 0022-0949. DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal CA Section: 2 (Mammalian Hormones) Mandibular saliva was collected at 8 flow rates ranging 0.052-4.294 mL/min from anesthetized red kangaroos receiving ipsilateral intracarotid infusions of acetylcholine [51-84-3]. The concns. of Na (4.04 - 75.6 mmol/L) and Cl- (51.2 - 85.0 mmol/L) and the osmolality (99.7 - 178.9 mosmol/kg) were pos. correlated with salivary flow rate over most or all of the flow range, whereas the concns. of K (50.3 - 19.7 mmol/L), Ca (5.43 - 1.26 mmol/L), Mg (259.8 - 19.0 mmol/L), H+ ion (457.7 - 69.3 nmol/L) and phosphate (2.22 - 0.27 mmol/L) were neg. correlated with flow rate. Salivary HCO3- concn. (15.6 - 21.9 mmol/L) showed little flow dependency except possibly at high levels of stimulation. During continuous stimulation of flow at 2 rats (0.5 and 2.0 mL/min) for 90 min, rest transients were obsd. for Na, K, Ca, Cl-, and phosphate in the initial sample and the Na concn. rose by 17-56% during the 1st 60 min of steady-state flow and stimulation. With the mean salivary flow rate between 1.3-1.4mL/min, the salivary Na+/K+ ratio began to fall at 45-60 min of intracarotid aldosterone [52-39-1] (80 mg/h) infusion and after 4 h of infusion had fallen to 0.62. Administration of DOCA [56-47-3] for 21 days at 0.25 or 0.3 mg/kg/12 h caused a further lowering of the Na+/K+ ratio to 0.09 at similar flow rates. Biopsy showed this increase to be assocd. with a moderate level of hypertrophy of the intralobular ducts of the gland. Two types of intralobular duct were identified on the basis of glycogen granulation after DOCA administration. Evidently, the mandibular gland of the red kangaroo, with its high secretory capacity, its responsiveness to low levels of mineralocorticoids, and its saliva being essentially a markedly hypotonic Na/K Cl- soln., is functionally better adapted to act as the primary source of saliva used as an external coolant than is the parotid gland.

Effects of adrenalectomy and glucocorticoids on puberty in gilts reared in confinement

Effects of adrenalectomy and glucocorticoids on puberty in gilts reared in confinement. Killian, D. B.; Kiesling, D. O.; Wulff, F. P.; Stewart, A. N. V. (Coop. Res. Anim. Sci. Program, Lincoln Univ., Jefferson City, MO 65101, USA). J. Anim. Sci., 64(1), 231-6 (English) 1987. CODEN: JANSAG. ISSN: 0021-8812. DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal CA Section: 2 (Mammalian Hormones) The effect of adrenal function and flumethasone (FM) [2135-17-3] (a synthetic glucocorticoid) on induction of puberty in crossbred gilts raised in confinement was examd. in 2 expts. In expt. 1, gilts were adrenalectomized (Adx) or subjected to sham adrenalectomy (Sham) at 140-160 days (d) of age. Twenty days later indwelling jugular catheters were implanted in Adx, Sham, and another group of intact gilts designated as Controls, and the gilts were moved from confinement to outdoor pens and checked daily for estrus with a mature boar. Fewer Adx (1/11) than Sham (9/14) gilts showed estrus and ovulated by 205 d of age. Response of Control gilts (6/14) was not different from the other groups. Although Adx gilts received 40 mg cortisone acetate [50-04-4] and 10 mg deoxycorticosterone acetate [56-47-3] daily throughout the expt., mean plasma glucocorticoids were lower in Adx (24 ng/mL) than in either Sham (47 ng/mL) or Control (44 ng/mL) gilts. Expt. 2 was conducted to det. whether FM given to Adx gilts immediately after surgery could have inhibited estrus and ovulation. Intact gilts received a total of 27.5 or 17.5 mg FM over 4 d at 150-160 d of age before relocation and boar exposure 20 d later. Control gilts received no injections. Nine of 13 FM-treated but none of the Control gilts showed estrus. The adrenal glands may facilitate the onset of puberty in gilts through increases in glucocorticoid prodn., but this is not required for puberty to occur.