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| CAS No.: | 598-58-3 |
|---|---|
| Name: | methyl nitrate |
| Article Data: | 60 |
| Molecular Structure: | |
|
|
|
| Formula: | CH3 N O3 |
| Molecular Weight: | 77.0397 |
| Synonyms: | Methylnitrate (6CI,7CI) |
| EINECS: | 209-941-3 |
| Density: | 1.2g/cm3 |
| Melting Point: | -108 C |
| Boiling Point: | 65 C |
| Flash Point: | 24°C |
| Appearance: | liquid |
| Hazard Symbols: | Explodes when heated, severe hazard when exposed to heat or shock. Narcotic, strong irritant to tissue. |
| Safety: | Poison by ingestion. Moderately toxic by inhalation. A dangerous fire and explosion hazard by spontaneous chemical reaction. A very shock- and heat-sensitive explosive. Explodes when heated to 65°C. It does not require external O2 for combustion. A rocket fuel. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NOx. See also NITRATES. |
| PSA: | 55.05000 |
| LogP: | 0.34770 |
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| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| With silver nitrate at 0 - 25℃; Schlenk technique; Inert atmosphere; | 99.5% |
| With nitric acid at -10℃; |
- 87580-26-5
C10H26N2O2Si2
A
- 598-58-3
methyl nitrate
B
- 18026-82-9
Salpetersaeuretrimethylsilylester
C
- 135299-71-7
C7H17N3O4Si
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| With tin(IV) chloride; dinitrogen pentoxide In dichloromethane at -20℃; for 2h; | A 13% B n/a C 60% |
- 75-00-3
chloroethane
A
- 50-00-0
formaldehyd
B
- 624-91-9
methyl nitrite
C
- 598-58-3
methyl nitrate
D
- 124-38-9
carbon dioxide
E
- 2278-22-0
peroxyacetyl nitrate
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| With nitrogen(II) oxide; chlorine In gas at 21.9℃; under 700 Torr; Product distribution; Irradiation; dilution by air; | A 10% B 30% C 6% D 47% E 10% F n/a |
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| With nitric acid In water Rate constant; Kinetics; other reagent HNO3-H2SO4; | |
| With nitric acid In water Rate constant; Equilibrium constant; Mechanism; | |
| With water; nitric acid Thermodynamic data; ΔH, ΔS, ΔG; thermodynamic parameters of equilibrium in nitration of alcohols; |
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| With sodium nitrate; acetic acid; platinum Electrolysis; |
- 66017-33-2
methyl-nitro-amine; ammonium salt
- 598-58-3
methyl nitrate
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| With nitrylfluoride In acetonitrile |
- 67135-94-8
methyl-nitro-amine; tetramethylammonium salt
- 598-58-3
methyl nitrate
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| With nitronium tetrafluoborate; acetonitrile |
- 67-56-1
methanol
A
- 50-00-0
formaldehyd
B
- 64-18-6
formic acid
C
- 2143-68-2
methoxyl radical
D
- 624-91-9
methyl nitrite
E
- 598-58-3
methyl nitrate
F
- 75-93-4
methyl bisulfate
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| With sulfur dioxide; chlorine; Nitrogen dioxide In gas Mechanism; Irradiation; |
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| With Nitrogen dioxide at 21.9℃; Rate constant; Kinetics; different pressure; different diluent gases; | |
| With Nitrogen dioxide at 24.9℃; Rate constant; Mechanism; | |
| With Nitrogen dioxide Mechanism; Rate constant; | |
| With Nitrogen dioxide at -23.16℃; under 700 Torr; Kinetics; Pressure; Temperature; Inert atmosphere; Gas phase; |
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| In gas Mechanism; Irradiation; |
- Total:20 Page 1 of 1 1
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Chemistry
Molecular Structure:
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Molecular Formula: CH3NO3
Molecular Weight: 77.0394
IUPAC Name: Methyl nitrate
Synonyms of Methyl nitrate (CAS NO.598-58-3): Methyl nitrate ; Nitric acid, methyl ester ; Nitric acid methyl ester
CAS NO: 598-58-3
EINECS: 209-941-3
Mol File: 598-58-3.mol
Index of Refraction: 1.368
Surface Tension: 29.9 dyne/cm
Density: 1.2 g/cm3
Flash Point: 24 °C
Enthalpy of Vaporization: 28.91 kJ/mol
Boiling Point: 59 °C at 760 mmHg
Vapour Pressure: 218 mmHg at 25°C
Stability: Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
Appearance:liquid
Uses
Methyl nitrate (CAS NO.598-58-3) is toxic and a sensitive explosive.
Production
Methyl nitrate (CAS NO.598-58-3) can be produced by the condensation of nitric acid and methanol:
CH3OH + HNO3 → CH3NO3 + H2O
Methyl nitrate can be produced on a laboratory or industrial scale either through the distillation of a mixture of methanol and nitric acid, or by the nitration of methanol by a mixture of sulfuric and nitric acids. The first procedure is not preferred due to the great explosion danger presented by the methyl nitrate vapour. The second procedure is essentially identical to that of making nitroglycerin. However, the process is usually run at a slightly higher temperature and the mixture is stirred mechanically on an industrial scale instead of with compressed air.
Toxicity Data With Reference
| Organism | Test Type | Route | Reported Dose (Normalized Dose) | Effect | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| guinea pig | LD50 | oral | 548mg/kg (548mg/kg) | LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: OTHER CHANGES LIVER: OTHER CHANGES BLOOD: METHEMOGLOBINEMIA-CARBOXYHEMOGLOBIN | Aerospace Medical Research Laboratory Report. Vol. TR-77-25, Pg. 1977, |
| mouse | LC50 | inhalation | 5942ppm/4H (5942ppm) | BLOOD: METHEMOGLOBINEMIA-CARBOXYHEMOGLOBIN | Aerospace Medical Research Laboratory Report. Vol. TR-77-25, Pg. 1977, |
| mouse | LD50 | oral | 1820mg/kg (1820mg/kg) | BLOOD: METHEMOGLOBINEMIA-CARBOXYHEMOGLOBIN | Aerospace Medical Research Laboratory Report. Vol. TR-77-25, Pg. 1977, |
| rat | LC50 | inhalation | 1275ppm/4H (1275ppm) | BLOOD: METHEMOGLOBINEMIA-CARBOXYHEMOGLOBIN | Aerospace Medical Research Laboratory Report. Vol. TR-77-25, Pg. 1977, |
| rat | LD50 | oral | 344mg/kg (344mg/kg) | BLOOD: METHEMOGLOBINEMIA-CARBOXYHEMOGLOBIN | Aerospace Medical Research Laboratory Report. Vol. TR-77-25, Pg. 1977, |
Safety Profile
Poison by ingestion. Moderately toxic by inhalation. A dangerous fire and explosion hazard by spontaneous chemical reaction. A very shock- and heat-sensitive explosive. Explodes when heated to 65°C. It does not require external O2 for combustion. A rocket fuel. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NOx. See also NITRATES.
RIDADR 0473
HazardClass 1.1A
Standards and Recommendations
DOT Classification: Forbidden
Specification
Methyl nitrate (CAS NO.598-58-3) causes headaches when fumes are inhaled.When ignited it burns extremely fiercely with a gray-blue flame.
The velocity of detonation (VOD) of methyl nitrate is 8000 m/s and is one of the most brisant explosives known. The sensitivity of methyl nitrate to initiation by detonation is among the greatest known, with even a number one blasting cap, the lowest power available, producing a near full detonation of the explosive.
Despite the superior explosive properties of methyl nitrate, it has not received application as an explosive due mostly to its high volatility, which prevents it from being stored or handled safely. It was used as a rocket fuel by Germany in World War II, in a mixture containing 25% methanol, which was named "myrol". This mixture would evaporate at a constant rate and so would not change its composition of methanol and present an explosive danger on longer term storage.