Reference

Small intestinal absorption of methylene blue in rats, guinea pigs and rabbits

Small intestinal absorption of methylene blue in rats, guinea pigs and rabbits. Watanabe, Jun; Mori, Keiko (Fac. Pharm. Sci., Nagoya City Univ., Nagoya, Japan). Chem. Pharm. Bull., 25(6), 1194-201 (English) 1977. CODEN: CPBTAL. DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal CA Section: 1 (Pharmacodynamics) Small intestinal tracts of rats, guinea pigs, and rabbits were recirculated in situ with methylene blue (MB) [61-73-4], and the av. absorption ratios in 120 min were 54, 36, and 47%, resp. Therefore the species difference in MB absorption capacity was not obsd. in these three exptl. animals. At the same time 7.7, 46, and 30% of the dose were found as leucomethylene blue (LMB) [613-11-6] besides the unchanged MB in the perfusate for rats, guinea pigs, and rabbits, resp. In situ perfusion expts. revealed that the concn. of total MB(MB + LMB) in bile at 150 min was 5 times greater than the initial MB concn. in the perfusate, and that 8 and 12.8% of the total MB absorbed were excreted in bile and urine, resp. The total excreted MB contained 96.8% LMB in bile, and 94.1% in urine. MB was reduced to LMB under anaerobic condition by incubation with everted sacs of the small intestines of guinea pigs and rats, and the redn. was not reversible in the incubation medium under the same condition in the sense of net reaction. In vitro absorption expts. employing the everted sacs of the small intestines of rats, guinea pigs, and rabbits suggested that LMB besides MB would be also absorbable from the small intestines of the exptl. animals in situ.

Toxicity of several management chemicals to Penaeid shrimp

Toxicity of several management chemicals to Penaeid shrimp. Johnson, S. K. (Dep. Wildl. Fish. Sci., Texas A and M Univ. Syst., College Station, Tex., USA). Tex. Agric. Ext. Serv., Fish Dis. Diagn. Lab., [Rep.] FDDL-S, FDDL-S3, 4 pp. (English) 1974. CODEN: TSFDDY. DOCUMENT TYPE: Report CA Section: 1 (Pharmacodynamics) Section cross-reference(s): 4 The 96-h LD50's for CH2O [50-00-0] in 60-70 mm (at 28.degree.) and postlarval (at 22.degree.) pink shrimp were 235 and 270 ppm, resp. The compd. could be used chemotherapeutically in 30 min dip treatments at concns. of 150-250 ppm at temps. .ltoreq.22.degree.. The 96-h LK50 for KMnO4 in postlarval pink shrimp was 6 ppm. K2Cr2O7 at concns. <5 ppm could be safely used in short-term treatments of postlarvae. Low levels of CuSO4 (0.5-1.0 ppm) are apparently usable although the compd. gave inconsistent toxicities in shrimp. The LD50 of acriflavine [8048-52-0] was <1 ppm for pink shrimp and the compd. was not recommended for use with shrimp. Malachite green (I) [569-64-2] killed all shrimp that molted, but appeared to be a safe chemotherapeutic agent at .ltoreq.0.64 ppm. Methylene blue [61-73-4] might be usable at concns. <1 ppm.