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| CAS No.: | 617-48-1 |
|---|---|
| Name: | Malic acid |
| Article Data: | 154 |
| Molecular Structure: | |
|
|
|
| Formula: | C4H6O5 |
| Molecular Weight: | 134.089 |
| Synonyms: | DL-Hydroxysuccinic acid;DL-2-Hydroxybutanedioic acid;DL-Apple acid; |
| EINECS: | 210-514-9 |
| Density: | 1.641 g/cm3 |
| Melting Point: | 130-132oC |
| Boiling Point: | 306.4oC at 760 mmHg |
| Flash Point: | 203oC |
| Solubility: | 558 g/L (20℃) |
| Appearance: | White to nearly white crystals or crystal powder |
| Hazard Symbols: | R22:; R34:; R42/43:; |
| Risk Codes: | Xi:Irritant; ">  Xi:Irritant; |
| PSA: | 94.83000 |
| LogP: | -1.09340 |
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- 110-16-7
maleic acid
A
- 109-99-9
tetrahydrofuran
B
- 96-48-0
4-butanolide
C
- 67-56-1
methanol
D
- 110-63-4
Butane-1,4-diol
E
- 617-48-1
malic acid
F
- 110-15-6
succinic acid
G
- 64-19-7
acetic acid
H
- 71-36-3
butan-1-ol
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| With hydrogen; 0.5percent Pd on Rutile TiO2 at 110℃; Product distribution / selectivity; | A 0.45% B 0.06% C 0% D 0.21% E 0.36% F 98.73% G 0.04% H 0.08% |
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| With sodium; iron | 97% |
| With water at 150 - 200℃; | |
| With sodium hydroxide; water at 100℃; |
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| With lanthanum(III) chloride at 116℃; for 19h; Product distribution; also with other alcohols; variation of reaction time, temperature and proportion of reagents; | A 3% B 95% |
- 67-56-1
methanol
- 16090-09-8, 17229-80-0, 29126-50-9
lithium succinate
A
- 617-48-1
malic acid
B
- 1726-80-3
2-methoxy succinic acid
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| With lanthanum(III) chloride; trimethyl orthoformate In water at 150℃; for 6h; | A 1.5 % Chromat. B 91% |
- 110-16-7
maleic acid
A
- 109-99-9
tetrahydrofuran
B
- 96-48-0
4-butanolide
C
- 110-63-4
Butane-1,4-diol
D
- 591-81-1
4-hydroxybutanoic acid
E
- 617-48-1
malic acid
F
- 110-15-6
succinic acid
G
- 64-19-7
acetic acid
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| With hydrogen; 0.5percent Pd/2.0percent Re on Rutile TiO2 at 110℃; Product distribution / selectivity; | A 1.27% B 4.78% C 1.55% D 1.24% E 0.48% F 90.6% G 0.08% |
- 110-16-7
maleic acid
A
- 109-99-9
tetrahydrofuran
B
- 96-48-0
4-butanolide
C
- 110-63-4
Butane-1,4-diol
D
- 617-48-1
malic acid
E
- 110-15-6
succinic acid
F
- 64-19-7
acetic acid
G
- 71-36-3
butan-1-ol
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| With hydrogen; 0.5percent Pd on Rutile TiO2 at 110℃; for 96 - 238h; Product distribution / selectivity; | A 0.6% B 0.04% C 0.62% D 0.19% E 88.49% F 0.12% G 0.11% |
- 110-16-7
maleic acid
A
- 109-99-9
tetrahydrofuran
B
- 96-48-0
4-butanolide
C
- 110-63-4
Butane-1,4-diol
D
- 591-81-1
4-hydroxybutanoic acid
E
- 617-48-1
malic acid
F
- 110-15-6
succinic acid
G
- 100-21-0
terephthalic acid
H
- 64-19-7
acetic acid
I
- 802294-64-0
propionic acid
J
- 110-17-8
(2E)-but-2-enedioic acid
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| With hydrogen; 0.5percent Pd/0.2percent Re on Rutile TiO2 at 110℃; for 170 - 1009h; Product distribution / selectivity; | A 0.86% B 4.34% C 0.28% D 1.24% E 0% F 85.51% G 0% H 0.04% I 0% J 0% |
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| Stage #1: N-p-tolylphenylmaleimide With potassium carbonate; isopropyl alcohol for 1h; oxa-Michael addition; Heating; Stage #2: With hydrogenchloride; acetic acid for 10h; Heating; | 85% |
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| With dihydrogen peroxide; acetic acid; 5 weight percent methyltrioxorhenium on polystyrene In water at 20℃; Product distribution / selectivity; | A 9% B 84% |
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| With water at 190℃; for 1h; Temperature; Concentration; Time; Sealed tube; Green chemistry; | A n/a B 72% |
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Chemistry
The Molecular Structure of DL-Malic acid (CAS NO.617-48-1):
Empirical Formula: C4H6O5
Molecular Weight: 134.0874
IUPAC Name: 2-hydroxybutanedioic acid
Appearance: white crystalline powder
Nominal Mass: 134 Da
Average Mass: 134.0874 Da
Monoisotopic Mass: 134.021523 Da
Index of Refraction: 1.529
Molar Refractivity: 25.2 cm3
Molar Volume: 81.6 cm3
Surface Tension: 86.2 dyne/cm
Density: 1.641 g/cm3
Flash Point: 153.4 °C
Enthalpy of Vaporization: 63.43 kJ/mol
Boiling Point: 306.4 °C at 760 mmHg
Vapour Pressure: 7.19E-05 mmHg at 25°C
Product Categories: MalicAcidSeries
Solubility methanol: 0.1 g/mL, clear, colorless
Stability: Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong bases, amines, alkali metals, carbonates
Synonyms: (+/-)-2-Hydroxysuccinic acid ; (+/-)-Hydroxybutanedioic acid ; (+/-)-Hydroxysuccinic acid ; Dl-2-hydroxybutanedioic acid ; Dl-hyroxybutanedioic acid ; Dl-hydroxysuccinic acid ; Dl-hydroxysucoinic acid ; Dl(+/-)-malic acid
Toxicity Data With Reference
| Organism | Test Type | Route | Reported Dose (Normalized Dose) | Effect | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| mouse | LD50 | intraperitoneal | 50mg/kg (50mg/kg) | "Patty's Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology," 3rd rev. ed., Clayton, G.D., and F.E. Clayton, eds., New York, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1978-82. Vol. 3 originally pub. in 1979; pub. as 2n rev. ed. in 1985.Vol. 2C, Pg. 4937, 1982. | |
| mouse | LD50 | oral | 1600mg/kg (1600mg/kg) | Kodak Company Reports. Vol. #82-0458, | |
| rat | LD50 | intraperitoneal | 100mg/kg (100mg/kg) | "Patty's Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology," 3rd rev. ed., Clayton, G.D., and F.E. Clayton, eds., New York, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1978-82. Vol. 3 originally pub. in 1979; pub. as 2n rev. ed. in 1985.Vol. 2C, Pg. 4937, 1982. |
CAS# 6915-15-7: Draize test, rabbit, eye: 750 ug/24H Severe;
Draize test, rabbit, skin: 20 mg/24H Moderate;
Oral, mouse: LD50 = 1600 mg/kg;
Carcinogenicity: DL-Malic acid - Not listed as a carcinogen by ACGIH, IARC, NTP, or CA Prop 65.
Other: The toxicological properties have not been fully investigated. See actual entry in RTECS for complete information.
Safety Profile
Hazard Codes: 
Xn
Risk Statements: 22-37/38-41-42/43-34
R22: Harmful if swallowed
R37/38: Irritating to respiratory system and skin
R41: Risk of serious damage to the eyes
R42/43: May cause sensitization by inhalation and skin contact
R34: Causes burns
Safety Statements: 26-39
S26: In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice
S39: Wear eye / face protection
WGK Germany: 1
RTECS: ON7175000
Specification
Product Categories: MalicAcidSeries
Personal Protection:Eyes: Wear appropriate protective eyeglasses or chemical safety goggles as described by OSHA's eye and face protection regulations in 29 CFR 1910.133 or European Standard EN166. Skin: Wear appropriate protective gloves to prevent skin exposure. Clothing: Wear appropriate protective clothing to prevent skin exposure.
Fire Fighting:Wear a self-contained breathing apparatus in pressure-demand, MSHA/NIOSH (approved or equivalent), and full protective gear. During a fire, irritating and highly toxic gases may be generated by thermal decomposition or combustion. Extinguishing media: Use agent most appropriate to extinguish fire. In case of fire use water spray, dry chemical, carbon dioxide, or appropriate foam.