Detail of "62229-50-9"

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A unique and essential role for insulin in the phenotypic expression of rat mammary epithelial cells unrelated to its function in cell maintenance

A unique and essential role for insulin in the phenotypic expression of rat mammary epithelial cells unrelated to its function in cell maintenance. Nicholas, Kevin R.; Sankaran, Lakshmanan; Topper, Yale J. (Lab. Biochem. Metab., Natl. Inst. Arthritis, Diabetes, Dig. Kidney Dis., Bethesda, MD 20205, USA). Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 763(3), 309-14 (English) 1983. CODEN: BBACAQ. ISSN: 0006-3002. DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal CA Section: 2 (Mammalian Hormones) Mammary explants from pregnant rats can be induced in regard to casein synthesis and a-lactalbumin activity when cultured in the presence of hydrocortisone [50-23-7], prolactin [9002-62-4] and levels of insulin [9004-10-8] approaching physiol. concns. No detectable induction occurs in the absence of insulin. 62229-50-9 and 9002-62-4 are also in the experiment. Although epidermal growth factor [62229-50-9] and multiplication-stimulating activity , in the presence of hydrocortisone, can maintain the initial level of NADH-cytochrome c reductase [9027-14-9] as well as insulin, neither can substitute effectively for insulin in the induction of the milk proteins. Proinsulin [9035-68-1], nerve growth factor [9061-61-4], platelet-derived growth factor and fibroblast growth factor [62031-54-3] are also ineffective substitutes for insulin in this regard. Whereas prolonged tissue exposure to multiplication-stimulating activity, hydrocortisone and prolactin does not result in induction of a-lactalbumin activity, subsequent addn. of insulin leads to prompt response. The ability of insulin to function as a unique, essential factor in the induction of rat milk proteins is apparently independent of its cell-maintenance activity. Thus, in addn. to its well established functions in metabolic processes, insulin appears to play a vital role in certain developmental processes. .

Vanadate stimulates sodium/hydrogen exchange activity in A431 cells

Vanadate stimulates sodium/hydrogen exchange activity in A431 cells. Cassel, Dan; Zhuang, Ying Xin; Glaser, Luis (Sch. Med.In this study， 62229-50-9 and 7440-23-5 are also used., Washington Univ., St. Louis, MO 63110, USA). Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 118(2), 675-81 (English) 1984. CODEN: BBRCA9. ISSN: 0006-291X. DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal CA Section: 13 (Mammalian Biochemistry) Section cross-reference(s): 2 Recent studies have established that polypeptide growth factors cause an elevation of the cytoplasmic pH (pHi) in cultured mammalian cells by stimulating Na+/H+ exchange. Vanadate, previously found to act as a mitogen for a no. of cells, reversibly activates Na+/H+ exchange at micromolar concns. in A431 cells, leading to a large increase of pHi. The stimulation of Na+/H+ exchange by vanadate is not due to inhibition of the Na+/K+-ATPase and is unrelated to possible effects of vanadate on cAMP levels. Elevation of pHi by vanadate and by epidermal growth factor (EGF) both display similar kinetics, and both EGF and vanadate stimulate the rate of pHi recovery following an acute acid load, suggesting that vanadate stimulates Na+/H+ exchange by a mechanism similar to that of polypeptide growth factor stimulation. Thus, stimulation of Na+/H+ exchange may be a common property not only of polypeptide growth factors, but also of other, chem. unrelated mitogens. .