Reference

Storage-stable phthalocyanine dye solutions

Storage-stable phthalocyanine dye solutions. Anon. (USA). Res. Discl., 254, 304-8 (German) 1985. CODEN: RSDSBB. ISSN: 0374-4353. DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal CA Section: 40 (Textiles) Section cross-reference(s): 41 Concd., storage-stable solns. of basic phthalocyanine dyes are described. For example, a mixt. of H2O 412, methoxyacetic acid (I) [625-45-6] 27, and II (Pc = Cu phthalocyanine residue, v = 0.6, w = 0.5, y = 2.0, r = 0-10, X = Cl or HCO3) 84 parts was heated at 50-60° for 3 h, dild. with 27 parts HOCH2CH2OH, and filtered to obtain a storage-stable stock soln. with viscosity 150 mPa-s and dye content 15%. Stable solns. of other basic Cu phthalocyanine dyes with structures similar to that of II were also prepd. by using I or glycolic acid [79-14-1] in combination with glycol or glycol monoethers.

Studies on the toxicity of some glycol ethers and alkoxyacetic acids in primary testicular cell cultures

Studies on the toxicity of some glycol ethers and alkoxyacetic acids in primary testicular cell cultures. Gray, Tim J. B.; Moss, Elizabeth J.; Creasy, Dianne M.; Gangolli, Sharat D. (Br. Ind. Biol. Res. Assoc., Carshalton/Surrey SM5 4DS, UK). Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 79(3), 490-501 (English) 1985. CODEN: TXAPA9. ISSN: 0041-008X. DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal CA Section: 4 (Toxicology) Primary mixed cultures of Sertoli and germ cells were prepd. from testes of immature rats and their response to the known testicular toxicants ethylene glycol monomethyl ether (EGM) [109-86-4] and ethylene glycol monoethyl ether (EGE) [110-80-5] was studied. Neither EGM nor EGE produced any morphol. evidence of toxicity when added to the culture medium at up to 50 mM for 72 h. In contrast, their metabolites, methoxyacetic acid (MAA) [625-45-6] and ethoxyacetic acid (EAA) [627-03-2] at 2-10 mM for 24-72 h caused degeneration of the pachytene and dividing spermatocytes, the target cells of the parent ethers in vivo. As in vivo, earlier spermatocytes, spermatogonia, and Sertoli cells appeared unaffected. EAA was less potent than MAA whereas n-propoxy- [54497-00-6] and n-butoxyacetic acid [2516-93-0], and methoxyacetylglycine [97871-77-7], a further metabolite of MAA, produced no morphol. changes under these conditions. The same order of toxicity was obsd. in concurrent studies with the 4 acids in rats. In culture, the severity of the morphol. changes was paralleled by decreases in the activity of carnitine acetyltransferase [9029-90-7] and lactate dehydrogenase [9001-60-9]-X in the attached germ cell fraction. Anal. of culture medium provided no evidence for the conversion of EGM to MAA or other metabolites or for the further metab. of MAA. The close correspondence between the testicular toxicity of alkoxyacetic acids in culture and in vivo suggests a similar mode of action in both cases and points to the potential value of these cultures for mechanistic studies and for screening purposes. The results also emphasize the role of metab. in the testicular toxicity of glycol ethers and indicate that MAA is an active metabolite of EGM.