Reference

Influence of the Temperature on the Liquid-Liquid Equilibria of Tridecane + Butylbenzene + Sulfolane and Tridecane + 1,4-Diisopropylbenzene + Sulfolane

Influence of the Temperature on the Liquid-Liquid Equilibria of Tridecane + Butylbenzene + Sulfolane and Tridecane + 1,4-Diisopropylbenzene + Sulfolane. Lin, Wen-Churng; Yang, Chien-Hsin; Tsai, Teh-Hua (Department of Environmental Engineering, Kun Shan University of Technology, Tainan 710, Taiwan). Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data, 47(2), 245-249 (English) 2002 American Chemical Society. CODEN: JCEAAX. ISSN: 0021-9568. DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal CA Section: 68 (Phase Equilibriums, Chemical Equilibriums, and Solutions) Equil. tie line data have been detd. at 323.15, 335.65, 348.15, 360.65, and 373.15 K for the ternary liq.-liq. equil. (LLE) of tridecane + (butylbenzene or 1,4-diisopropylbenzene) + sulfolane systems. The relative mutual soly. of butylbenzene is higher than that of 1,4-diisopropylbenzene in tridecane + sulfolane mixts. The tie line data were correlated with the well-known UNIQUAC and NRTL models. The calcd. values based on the UNIQUAC model were found to be better than those based on the NRTL model, and showed that the higher accuracy of predictions existed at lower temp. The values of selectivity and the distribution coeff. were derived from the equil. data at different temps.

Comparative In Vivo Toxicity of Topical JP-8 Jet Fuel and Its Individual Hydrocarbon Components: Identification of Tridecane and Tetradecane as Key Constituents Responsible for Dermal Irritation

Comparative In Vivo Toxicity of Topical JP-8 Jet Fuel and Its Individual Hydrocarbon Components: Identification of Tridecane and Tetradecane as Key Constituents Responsible for Dermal Irritation. Muhammad, F.; Monteiro-Riviere, N. A.; Riviere, J. E. (Center for Chemical Toxicology Research and Pharmacokinetics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA). Toxicologic Pathology, 33(2), 258-266 (English) 2005 Taylor & Francis, Inc. CODEN: TOPADD. ISSN: 0192-6233. DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal CA Section: 4 (Toxicology) Despite widespread exposure to military jet fuels, there remains a knowledge gap concerning the actual toxic entities responsible for irritation obsd. after topical fuel exposure. The present studies with individual hydrocarbon (HC) constituents of JP-8 jet fuel shed light on this issue. To mimic occupational scenarios, JP-8, 8 aliph. HC (nonane, decane, undecane, dodecane, tridecane, tetradecane, pentadecane, hexadecane) and 6 arom. HC (Et benzene, o-xylene, tri-Me benzene, cyclohexyl benzene, naphthalene, di-Me naphthalene) soaked cotton fabrics were topically exposed to pigs for 1 day and with repeated daily exposures for 4 days. Erythema, epidermal thickness, and epidermal cell layers were quantitated. No erythema was noted in 1-day in vivo HC exposures but significant erythema was obsd. in 4-day tridecane, tetradecane, pentadecane, and JP-8 exposed sites. The arom. HCs did not produce any macroscopic lesions in 1 or 4 days of in vivo exposures. Morphol. observations revealed slight intercellular and intracellular epidermal edema in 4-day exposures with the aliph. HCs. Epidermal thickness and no. of cell layers significantly increased (p<.05) in tridecane, tetradecane, pentadecane, and JP-8-treated sites. No significant differences were obsd. in the arom. HC-exposed sites. Subcorneal microabscesses contg. inflammatory cells were obsd. with most of the long-chain aliph. HCs and JP-8 in 4-day exposures. Ultrastructural studies depicted that jet fuel HC-induced cleft formation within intercellular lipid lamellar bilayers of the stratum corneum. The degree of damage to the skin was proportional to the length of in vivo HC exposures. These data coupled with absorption and toxicity studies of jet fuel HC revealed that specific HCs (tridecane and tetradecane) might be the key constituents responsible for jet fuel-induced skin irritation.