Reference

Kairomonal effect of some saturated hydrocarbons on the egg parasitoids, Trichogramma brasiliensis (Ashmead) and Trichogramma exiguum, Pinto, Platner and Oatman (Hym

Kairomonal effect of some saturated hydrocarbons on the egg parasitoids, Trichogramma brasiliensis (Ashmead) and Trichogramma exiguum, Pinto, Platner and Oatman (Hym., Trichogrammatidae). Paul, A. V. N.; Singh, S.; Singh, A. K. (Division of Entomology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India). Journal of Applied Entomology, 126(7-8), 409-416 (English) 2002 Blackwell Verlag GmbH. CODEN: JOAEEB. ISSN: 0931-2048. DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal CA Section: 12 (Nonmammalian Biochemistry) Bioassay studies carried out on the egg parasitoids Trichogramma brasiliensis and T. exiguum with 11 straight chain-satd. hydrocarbons, revealed that pentacosane and hexacosane recorded very high parasitoid activity index (PAI) and parasitism for both the parasitoids indicating high kairomonal activity. These were followed by docosane, tricosane, heneicosane, hexatriacontane and tetracosane, which may be grouped as favorable hydrocarbons showing varying levels of kairomonal activity for T. brasiliensis, as compared to eicosane, pentadecane, octacosane and heptadecane, which can be grouped as non-favorable hydrocarbons. In the case of T. exiguum, pentacosane-treated egg cards showed max. parasitism followed by hexacosane, pentadecane, hexatriacontane, tricosane and docosane thereby indicating their kairomonal activity in comparison with heptadecane, tetracosane, eicosane, heneiocosane and octacosane which recorded low levels of parasitism. In the case of T. brasiliesnsis, tetracosane recorded the highest response at the lowest concn., C1 (62.5 ng/Cm2), which decreased as the concn. increased. Eicosane, heneicosane and docosane recorded the highest parasitism at C2 (125 ng/Cm2). In heptadecane, tricosane, pentacosane and hexatriacontane the highest parasitism was recorded at the medium concn., C3 (250 ng/Cm2). Octacosane recorded the highest response at C4 (375 ng/cm2). Pentadecane and hexacosane-treated egg cards showed their highest response at C5 (500 ng/Cm2). In the case of T. exiguum, the lowest concn., C1 evoked the highest response in hexacosane, whereas heptacosane, heneiocosane, docosane and tetracosane recorded the highest parasitism at C2. Eicosane, pentacosane and octacosane recorded max. parasitism, at C3, whereas tricosane and hexatriacontane showed max. parasitism at C4 and pentadecane at C5. These concns. can be taken as the optimum concn. to increase parasitization by these parasitoids. The favorable hydrocarbons at their optimum concn. can be used for efficient management of these parasitoids in field releases.

Solubilities of Tetracosane, Octacosane, and Dotriacontane in Supercritical Ethane

Solubilities of Tetracosane, Octacosane, and Dotriacontane in Supercritical Ethane. Kalaga, Anil; Trebble, Mark (Department of Chemical Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Can.). Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data, 42(2), 368-370 (English) 1997 American Chemical Society. CODEN: JCEAAX. ISSN: 0021-9568. DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal CA Section: 68 (Phase Equilibriums, Chemical Equilibriums, and Solutions) The solubilities of tetracosane, octacosane, and dotriacontane in ethane were detd. at a temp. of 308.15 K and at pressures ranging from 50 bar to 200 bar. A dynamic single-pass flow system was used for this purpose. The extd. solute was dissolved in toluene after depressurizing the supercrit.In this article, certain chemicals are used. Some of their cas registry numbers are 646-31-1 and 544-85-4 mixt. This method of measuring the solubilities facilitates the collection of dynamic soly. data since the concn. of solute in toluene can be detd. as the expt. proceeds. Dynamic sampling provides more reliable and accurate soly. information compared to the conventional methods based on the wt. of solute extd. The exptl. solubilities measured in this work are in agreement with most of the previously published data. The solubilities obtained in this work were modeled using the translated Trebble-Bishnoi-Salim (TBS) EOS which correlated the soly. data successfully to within an av. error of 6% for all the systems studied. .