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| CAS No.: | 630-08-0 | |
|---|---|---|
| Name: | Carbon monoxide | |
| Molecular Structure: | ||
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| Formula: | CO | |
| Molecular Weight: | 28.01 | |
| Synonyms: | Carbonmonooxide; Carbon oxide (CO) | |
| EINECS: | 211-128-3 | |
| Density: | 0.97 (vs air) | |
| Melting Point: | ?205 °C(lit.) | |
| Boiling Point: | -192 C | |
| Solubility: | Insoluble in water | |
| Appearance: | Colourless gas | |
| Hazard Symbols: | Highly flammable, dangerous fire and explosion risk. Flammable limits in air 12–75% by volume. Toxic by inhalation. TLV: 25 ppm. Note: Carbon monoxide has an affinity forblood hemoglobin over 200 times that of oxygen. A major air pollutant. | |
| Risk Codes: | 61-12-23-48/23 | |
| Safety: |
Mildly toxic by inhalation in humans but has caused many fatalities. Experimental teratogenic and reproductive effects. Human systemic effects by inhalation: changes in psychophysiological tests and methemoglobinemia-carboxyhemoglobinemia. Can cause asphyxiation by preventing hemoglobin from binding oxygen. After removal from exposure, the half-life of elimination from the blood is one hour. Chronic exposure effects can occur at lower concentrations. A common air contaminant. Acute cases of poisoning resulting from brief exposures to high concentrations seldom result in any permanent disability if recovery takes place. Chronic effects as the result of repeated exposure to lower concentrations have been described, particularly in the Scandinavian literature. Auditory disturbances and contraction of the visual fields have been demonstrated. Glycosuria does occur, and heart irregularities have been reported. Other workers have found that where the poisoning has been relatively long and severe, cerebral congestion and edema may occur, resulting in long-lasting mental or nervous damage. Repeated exposure to low concentration of the gas, up to 100 ppm in air, is generally believed to cause no signs of poisoning or permanent damage. Industrially, sequelae are rare, as exposure, though often severe, is usually brief. It is a common air contaminant. A dangerous fire hazard when exposed to flame. Severe explosion hazard when exposed to heat or flame. Violent or explosive reaction on contact with bromine trifluoride, bromine pentafluoride, chlorine dioxide, or peroxodisulfuryl difluoride. Mixture of liquid CO with liquid O2 is explosive. Reacts with sodium or potassium to form explosive products sensitive to shock, heat, or contact with water. Mixture with copper powder + copper(II) perchlorate + water forms an explosive complex. Mixture of liquid CO with liquid dinitrogen oxide is a rocket propellant combination. Ignites on warming with iodine heptafluoride. Ignites on contact with cesium oxide + water. Potentially explosive reaction with iron(III) oxide between 0° and 150°C. Exothermic reaction with CIF3, (Li + H2O), NF3, OF2, (K + O2), Ag2O, (Na + NH3). To fight fire, stop flow of gas. | |
Analytical Methods: | For occupational chemical analysis use NIOSH: Carbon Monoxide S340. |
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| Transport Information: | UN 1016 | |
| PSA: | 0.00000 | |
| LogP: | -0.20800 | |
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Chemistry
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IUPAC Name: Carbon monoxide
Molecular Formula: CO
Molecular Weight: 28.01 g/mol
SMILES: [O+]#[C-]
InChI: InChI=1/CO/c1-2
EINECS: 211-128-3
Classification Code: Antimetabolites; Human Data; Mutation data; Noxae; Prophylaxis of graft dysfunction, in patients receiving allogenic kidney transplants; Reproductive Effect
Melting Point: -205 °C(lit.)
Boiling Point: -191.5 °C(lit.)
Vapor density of Carbon monoxide (CAS NO.630-08-0): 0.97 (vs air)
History
Carbon monoxide (CAS NO.630-08-0) was used for executions by the Greek and Romans in Classical Antiquity, and was described by the Spanish doctor Arnaldus de Villa Nova in the 11th century.
In 1776 the French chemist de Lassone produced CO by heating zinc oxide with coke, but mistakenly concluded that the gaseous product was hydrogen as it burned with a blue flame.The gas was identified as a compound containing carbon and oxygen by the English chemist William Cumberland Cruikshank in the year 1800.
Its toxic properties on dogs were thoroughly investigated by Claude Bernard around 1846.
Uses
Carbon monoxide (CAS NO.630-08-0) is an important raw material in the production of methanol and other alcohols and of hydrocarbons, and it is a powerful poison. It is also used for making diisocyanate and ethyl acrylate.
Toxicity Data With Reference
| Organism | Test Type | Route | Reported Dose (Normalized Dose) | Effect | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| bird - wild | LC50 | inhalation | 1334ppm (1334ppm) | Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. Vol. 12, Pg. 355, 1983. | |
| dog | LCLo | inhalation | 4000ppm/46M (4000ppm) | "Abdernalden's Handbuch der Biologischen Arbeitsmethoden." Vol. 4, Pg. 1360, 1935. | |
| guinea pig | LC50 | inhalation | 5718ppm/4H (5718ppm) | Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. Vol. 17, Pg. 752, 1970. | |
| human | LCLo | inhalation | 4mg/m3/12H (4mg/m3) | BEHAVIORAL: COMA VASCULAR: BP LOWERING NOT CHARACTERIZED IN AUTONOMIC SECTION BLOOD: METHEMOGLOBINEMIA-CARBOXYHEMOGLOBIN | Toksikologicheskii Vestnik. Vol. (4), Pg. 26, 1999. |
| human | LCLo | inhalation | 5000ppm/5M (5000ppm) | Tabulae Biologicae. Vol. 3, Pg. 231, 1933. | |
| human | TCLo | inhalation | 600mg/m3/10M (600mg/m3) | BEHAVIORAL: HEADACHE | Gigiena Truda i Professional'nye Zabolevaniya. Labor Hygiene and Occupational Diseases. Vol. 31(4), Pg. 34, 1987. |
| mammal (species unspecified) | LCLo | inhalation | 5000ppm/5M (5000ppm) | Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archiv fuer Experimentelle Pathologie und Pharmakologie. Vol. 138, Pg. 65, 1928. | |
| man | LCLo | inhalation | 4000ppm/30M (4000ppm) | "Practical Toxicology of Plastics," Lefaux, R., Cleveland, OH, Chemical Rubber Co., 1968Vol. -, Pg. 207, 1968. | |
| man | TCLo | inhalation | 650ppm/45M (650ppm) | BLOOD: METHEMOGLOBINEMIA-CARBOXYHEMOGLOBIN BEHAVIORAL: CHANGES IN PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL TESTS | American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal. Vol. 34, Pg. 212, 1973. |
| mouse | LC50 | inhalation | 2444ppm/4H (2444ppm) | Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. Vol. 17, Pg. 752, 1970. | |
| rabbit | LCLo | inhalation | 4000ppm (4000ppm) | "Abdernalden's Handbuch der Biologischen Arbeitsmethoden." Vol. 4, Pg. 1360, 1935. | |
| rat | LC50 | inhalation | 1807ppm/4H (1807ppm) | Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. Vol. 17, Pg. 752, 1970. |
Consensus Reports
Reported in EPA TSCA Inventory.
Safety Profile
Hazard Codes: 
F+,
T
Risk Statements: 61-12-23-48/23
R61:May cause harm to the unborn child.
R12:Extremely flammable.
R23 :Toxic by inhalation.
R48:Danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure.
Safety Statements: 53-45
S53:Avoid exposure - obtain special instructions before use.
S45:In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label whenever possible.)
RIDADR: UN 1016 2.3
WGK Germany: 1
RTECS of Carbon monoxide (CAS NO.630-08-0): FG3500000
Standards and Recommendations
OSHA PEL: TWA 35 ppm; CL 200 ppm
ACGIH TLV: 25 ppm; BEI: 3% of hemoglobin indicating carboxyhemoglobin in blood at end of shift; 20 ppm CO in end-exhaled air at end of shift.
DFG MAK: 30 ppm (35 mg/m3); BAT: 5% carboxyhemoglobin in blood at end of shift
NIOSH REL: (Carbon Monoxide) TWA 35 ppm; CL 200 ppm
DOT Classification: 2.3; Label: Poison Gas, Flammable Gas
Analytical Methods
For occupational chemical analysis use NIOSH: Carbon Monoxide S340.
Specification
Carbon monoxide (CAS NO.630-08-0), its Synonyms are Carbon oxide (CO) ; Carbone (oxyde de) ; Carbonic oxide ; Carbonio (ossido di) ; Kohlenmonoxid ; Kohlenoxyd ; Oxyde de carbone . It is a colorless cryogenic liquid.