Reference

An orally administered microcapsule system for treating chronic renal failure patients

An orally administered microcapsule system for treating chronic renal failure patients. Gardner, D. L.; Kjellstrand, C. M.; Hassler, C. R.; Fink, D. J.; Emmerling, D. C. (Battelle-Columbus Lab., Columbus, OH, USA). Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol., 10, 27-40 (English) 1984. CODEN: ABIBDL. ISSN: 0273-2289. DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal CA Section: 1 (Pharmacology) Section cross-reference(s): 14 A microcapsule product contg. urease [9002-13-5] and zirconium phosphate [13765-95-2] was investigated for removing urea [57-13-6] in uremia. A dog model, simulating chronic uremia, was developed to investigate: (1) the concn. of various nitrogenous metabolites (urea, creatinine [60-27-5], and uric acid [69-93-2]) in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, (2) flux rates of H2O and various nitrogenous metabolites in the GI tract, and (3) the efficacy of the microcapsule product. The results of these perfusion studies suggest that urea and creatinine can be removed from the GI tract via ingestible adsorbents. In addn., the model may be useful in investigating suspect uremic toxins, e.g., guanidinosuccinic acid [6133-30-8]. The redn. of blood urea nitrogen levels in the dog model when the animal was fed the microcapsule product was limited by the capacity of the zirconium phosphate to bind ammonium ion. Preliminary clin. studies with the microcapsule product indicate that it may be of potential adjunctive therapy in patients suffering from chronic renal failure.

Purine enzymes and uric acid excretion as indicators of protein quality in chickens fed soy-gelatin mixtures

Purine enzymes and uric acid excretion as indicators of protein quality in chickens fed soy-gelatin mixtures. Millan, Nancy; Brito, Odoardo; Hevia, Patricio (Dep. Tecnol. Procesos Biol. Bioquim., Univ. Simon Bolivar, Caracas 80659, Venez.). Nutr. Rep. Int., 30(6), 1367-76 (English) 1984. CODEN: NURIBL. ISSN: 0029-6635. DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal CA Section: 18 (Animal Nutrition) To study the possibility of using the hepatic activity of the enzymes nucleoside phosphorylase [9059-37-4] and xanthine dehydrogenase [9054-84-6] and the concn. of uric acid [69-93-2] in the excreta of chickens as indicators of protein quality, 47 1-wk-old chicks were fed diets made of mixts. of soybean protein and gelatin. The addn. of gelatin to the diets resulted in a decrease in the protein efficiency ratio (PER) and net protein ratio (NPR) values of the diets and also in the N retained by the chicks. These redns. in protein quality were paralleled by an increase in the hepatic activity of the enzymes and also in the concn. of uric acid in the excreta. The correlation coeffs. between PER, NPR, or N retained and the activities of the enzymes nucleoside phosphorylase, xanthine dehydrogenase or the concn. of uric acid in the excreta were high.