74-90-8

HYDROCYANIC ACID(74-90-8) was first isolated from a blue dye (Prussian blue) which had been known from 1704 but had a structure which was unknown.
In 1752 the French chemist Pierre Macquer made the important step of showing that Prussian blue could be converted to iron oxide plus a volatile component and that these could be used to reconstitute the dye.
In 1787 the French chemist Claude Louis Berthollet showed that Prussic acid did not contain oxygen, an important contribution to acid theory.
In 1815 Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac deduced Prussic acid's chemical formula. The radical cyanide in hydrogen cyanide was given its name from the Greek word for blue, again due to its derivation from Prussian blue.

The Hydrocyanic acid with CAS registry number of 74-90-8 is also known as Acide cyanhydrique. The IUPAC name is Formonitrile. It belongs to product categories of Hydrocyanic Acid; Inorganics; Inorganic Fluorides. Its EINECS registry number is 200-821-6. In addition, the formula is CHN and the molecular weight is 27.03. This chemical is a colorless liquid and should be stored in ventilated, cool, dry place away from Acids, alkalis and oxides.

Physical properties about Hydrocyanic acid are: (1)ACD/BCF (pH 5.5): 1; (2)ACD/BCF (pH 7.4): 1; (3)ACD/KOC (pH 5.5): 17.418; (4)ACD/KOC (pH 7.4): 17.418; (5)#H bond acceptors: 1; (6)Index of Refraction: 1.262; (7)Molar Refractivity: 6.418 cm³; (8)Molar Volume: 38.885 cm³; (9)Surface Tension: 18.898 dyne/cm; (10)Density: 0.695 g/cm³; (11)Enthalpy of Vaporization: 27.182 kJ/mol; (12)Boiling Point: 25.7 °C at 760 mmHg; (13)Vapour Pressure: 740.337 mmHg at 25 °C.

Preparation of Hydrocyanic acid: it is prepared by reaction of methane and ammonia in the presence of oxygen at the temperature of about 1200 °C over a platinum catalyst.

2CH₄+2NH₃+3O₂→2HCN+6H₂O

Uses of Hydrocyanic acid: it is used to produce hydroxy-acetonitrile by reaction with formaldehyde. The reaction occurs with reagent KCN and solvent CH₂Cl₂. The yield is about 85%. What's more, it is used as pesticide and for manufacture of cyanide. It is also used to synthesize nitrile rubber, synthetic fibers, plastics, glass and so on.

When you are using this chemical, please be cautious about it. As a chemical, it is very toxic by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed. What's more, it is extremely flammable and very toxic to aquatic organisms that may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment. During using it, wear suitable protective clothing and gloves. Keep container tightly closed and in a well-ventilated place away from sources of ignition. In case of insufficient ventilation wear suitable respiratory equipment and if accident happens or you feel unwell seek medical advice immediately. This material and its container must be disposed of as hazardous waste. Avoid release to the environment.

You can still convert the following datas into molecular structure:
1. Canonical SMILES: C#N
2. InChI: InChI=1S/CHN/c1-2/h1H
3. InChIKey: LELOWRISYMNNSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N

The toxicity data is as follows: