Reference

Drug effects on the neovascularization response to silver nitrate cauterization of the rat cornea

Drug effects on the neovascularization response to silver nitrate cauterization of the rat cornea. Mahoney, Janette M.; Waterbury, L. David (Dep. Pharm., Syntex Res., Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA). Curr. Eye Res., 4(5), 531-5 (English) 1985. CODEN: CEYRDM. ISSN: 0271-3683. DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal CA Section: 1 (Pharmacology) Section cross-reference(s): 2 Neovascular growth into the cornea induced by silver nitrate cauterization is the basis of this exptl. model developed to test potential anti-inflammatory drugs for ocular use. Cauterization of the rat cornea with a silver nitrate applicator stick provides the stimulus for neovascularization, which is scored by a "blinded" investigator. Burn stimulus intensity is also scored to substantiate a consistent stimulus among the groups. Compds. showing activity in this model include topical dexamethasone [50-02-2], prednisolone [50-24-8], ticabesone propionate [73205-13-7], ketorolac [74103-06-3], and phenidone [92-43-3]. This model is presented as a practical method for testing anti-inflammatory drugs in the eye.

Bilateral Intravenous Regional Anesthesia: A New Method to Test Additives to Local Anesthetic Solutions

Bilateral Intravenous Regional Anesthesia: A New Method to Test Additives to Local Anesthetic Solutions. Hartmannsgruber, Maximilian W. B.; Plessmann, Sabine; Atanassoff, Peter G. (Department of Anesthesiology, New York University, New York, NY, USA). Anesthesiology, 98(6), 1427-1430 (English) 2003 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. CODEN: ANESAV. ISSN: 0003-3022. DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal CA Section: 1 (Pharmacology) Ketorolac, when added to lidocaine, has been shown to reduce early tourniquet pain during i.v. regional anesthesia (IVRA) in patients. Although the effectiveness of ropivacaine 0.2% for IVRA is equal to that of lidocaine 0.5% but significantly reduces central nervous system side effects after release of the tourniquet, it provides no advantage with regard to tourniquet tolerance times. Simultaneous bilateral IVRA with ropivacaine 0.2% was used to test the hypothesis that ketorolac modifies tourniquet tolerance and to test whether drug combinations can be evaluated in one study session. Ten healthy, unsedated volunteers received 30 mL of ropivacaine 0.2% in each upper arm with 2 mL of normal saline in one arm and 30 mg of ketorolac in the contralateral arm for IVRA. Both proximal tourniquets remained inflated for 30 min, followed by inflation of the distal tourniquets and release of the proximal ones. Verbal numeric scores for tourniquet pain were recorded for both extremities. Central nervous system side effects were graded after release of each distal tourniquet. 137-58-6 and 74103-06-3 are also in the experiment. There was no difference between the two upper extremities with regard to surgical anesthesia and tourniquet tolerance. Total tourniquet tolerance was a median of 58.5 min (range, 45-90 min) and 60.5 min (39-79 min) in the normal saline and ketorolac groups, resp. After release of the distal tourniquets, 5 of 10 volunteers experienced mild dizziness. The addn. of ketorolac to ropivacaine does not improve tourniquet tolerance. Minimal central nervous system side effects after tourniquet release suggest that a total of 60 mL ropivacaine 0.2% for bilateral IVRA is a useful model for comparison of IVRA drug combinations. .