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7757-79-1

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Basic Information
CAS No.: 7757-79-1
Name: Potassium nitrate
Article Data: 2
Molecular Structure:
Molecular Structure of 7757-79-1 (Potassium nitrate)
Formula: KNO3
Molecular Weight: 101.103
Synonyms: Nitric acid, potassium salt;Nitric acid potassium salt;Potassium Nitrate ACS Crystals;Nitre;Salt peter;Sensodyne;Niter;Sensodyne (TN);Potassium nitrate (JAN/USP);Collo-Bo;Saltpeter;Potassium nitrate( Pharmaceutical grade);Potassium nitrate( Food grade);
EINECS: 231-818-8
Density: 2.109 g/cm3
Melting Point: 334 °C(lit.)
Boiling Point: 83 °C at 760 mmHg
Flash Point: 400°C
Solubility: 320 g/L (20 °C) in water
Appearance: White solid
Hazard Symbols: OxidizingO, IrritantXi, HarmfulXn
Risk Codes: 8-36/38-36/37/38-22
Safety: 26-17-36-7-24/25
Transport Information: UN 3264 8/PG 3
PSA: 68.88000
LogP: 0.28410
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Chemistry

Molecular Structure:

Molecular Formula: KNO3
Molecular Weight: 101.1032
IUPAC Name: Potassium nitrate
Synonyms of Potassium nitrate (cas no.7757-79-1): Potassium nitrate [JAN] ; AI3-51245 ; CCRIS 3667 ; Caswell No. 697 ; Collo-Bo ; EINECS 231-818-8 ; EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 076103 ; HSDB 1227 ; Kalii nitras ; Kaliumnitrat ; Kaliumnitrat [German] ; NSC 57632 ; Niter ; Niter (VAN) ; Nitrate of potash ; Nitre ; Nitric acid, potassium salt ; Potassium nitrate(DOT) ; Salt peter (VAN) ; Saltpeter ; UNII-RU45X2JN0Z ; Vicknite ; Nitric acid potassium salt (1:1) ; Potassium nitrate [UN1486] [Oxidizer] ; UN1486
CAS NO: 7757-79-1
Classification Code: Drug / Therapeutic Agent ; Explosive Agents ; Mutation data ; Reproductive Effect
Melting point: 334 °C 
H bond acceptors: 4
H bond donors: 1
Polar Surface Area: 66.05 Å2 
Enthalpy of Vaporization: 37.72 kJ/mol
Boiling Point: 83 °C at 760 mmHg
Vapour Pressure: 49.8 mmHg at 25°C

History

The earliest known complete purification process for Potassium nitrate (cas no.7757-79-1) is described in 1270 by the Arab chemist and engineer Hasan al-Rammah of Syria in his book al-Furusiyya wa al-Manasib al-Harbiyya.
During the 19th century and until around World War I, It was produced on an industrial scale, first by the Birkeland–Eyde process in 1905, and then later from ammonia produced by the much more efficient Haber process.
The latter process came online during World War I, and supplied Germany with nitrates critical for the warfare that it otherwise had no access to because the deposits of natural nitrate in Chile were in British hands.
Today practically all nitrates are produced with ammonia from the Haber process.

Uses

 Potassium nitrate (cas no.7757-79-1) is used as a fertilizer, in amateur rocket propellants, and in several fireworks such as smoke bombs. It is commonly used in manufactured cigarettes to maintain an even burn of the tobacco.As a fertilizer, it is used as a source of nitrogen and potassium, two of the macro nutrients for plants.It has also been used in the manufacture of ice cream and can be found in some toothpastes for sensitive teeth. Potassium nitrate(7757-79-1) is also commonly used in the heat treatment of metals as a solvent in the post-wash
 

Production

 Potassium nitrate (cas no.7757-79-1) is manufactured by two processes.
NaNO3 + KCl → KNO3 + NaCl
4KCl + 4HNO3 + O2 → 2KNO3 + Cl2 + H2O
 

Toxicity Data With Reference

Organism Test Type Route Reported Dose (Normalized Dose) Effect Source
cat LDLo intravenous 100mg/kg (100mg/kg)   "Abdernalden's Handbuch der Biologischen Arbeitsmethoden." Vol. 4, Pg. 1289, 1935.
rabbit LD50 oral 1901mg/kg (1901mg/kg)   Southwestern Veterinarian. Vol. 27, Pg. 246, 1974.
rat LD50 oral 3750mg/kg (3750mg/kg)   Nippon Yakurigaku Zasshi. Japanese Journal of Pharmacology. Vol. 81, Pg. 469, 1983.

Consensus Reports

 Potassium nitrate (cas no.7757-79-1) is reported in EPA TSCA Inventory.

Safety Profile

Hazard Codes of Potassium nitrate (cas no.7757-79-1): OxidizingO,IrritantXi,Xn
Risk Statements: 8-36/37/38-22 
R8: Contact with combustible material may cause fire. 
R36/37/38: Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin. 
R22: Harmful if swallowed.
Safety Statements: 26-17-36-7-24/25 
S26: In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. 
S17: Keep away from combustible material. 
S36: Wear suitable protective clothing. 
S7: Keep container tightly closed. 
S24/25: Avoid contact with skin and eyes.
RIDADR: UN 3264 8/PG 3
WGK Germany: 1
RTECS: TT3700000
HazardClass: 5.1
PackingGroup: III

Standards and Recommendations

DOT Classification:  5.1; Label: Oxidizer

Specification

Handling and Storage 
Handling: Avoid breathing dust, vapor, mist, or gas. Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid ingestion and inhalation. 
Storage: Do not store near combustible materials. Store in a cool, dry place. Store in a tightly closed container.