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CAS No.: | 7782-41-4 |
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Name: | Fluorine |
Article Data: | 285 |
Molecular Structure: | |
Formula: | F2 |
Molecular Weight: | 37.9968 |
Synonyms: | Diatomicfluorine;Difluorine;Fluorine-19;Molecular fluorine; |
EINECS: | 231-954-8 |
Density: | 0.963 g/cm3 |
Melting Point: | -220 °C |
Boiling Point: | -188 °C |
Solubility: | reacts with water |
Appearance: | pale yellow gas with a pungent odour |
Hazard Symbols: | C,T+ |
Risk Codes: | 7-26-35 |
Safety: | 9-26-36/37/39-45 |
Transport Information: | UN 1045/9192 |
PSA: | 0.00000 |
LogP: | 0.84040 |
Conditions | Yield |
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In gas Irradiation (UV/VIS); photolysis by UV light at room temp.; | A 98.8% B n/a |
In neat (no solvent, gas phase) Irradiation (UV/VIS); photolysis by UV light at room temp.; | A 98.8% B n/a |
In gas Irradiation (UV/VIS); photolysis at 1-10 Torr; nearly complete decompn. within some h; | |
In neat (no solvent, gas phase) Irradiation (UV/VIS); photolysis at 1-10 Torr; nearly complete decompn. within some h; |
fluorine
Conditions | Yield |
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In neat (no solvent) Electrolysis; melt of KH2F3; passing through column with granuled NaF; | 95% |
Conditions | Yield |
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In neat (no solvent) passing over 1.0 g/min water-steam in 120 ml air at 1300°C for 30 minutes;; | 92.1% |
In neat (no solvent) passing over 1.0 g/min water-steam in 120 ml air at 1300°C for 30 minutes;; | 92.1% |
With silica gel In neat (no solvent) passing 1.0 g/min water-steam in 120 ml air over a mixture of 2.38 g CaF2 and 2.62 g SiO2 at 1300°C for 30 minutes;; | 90.5% |
Conditions | Yield |
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In solid 1 equiv of K2NiF6 and ca. 3 equiv of BiF5 were premixed at ambient temp., F2 evolution started when the mixt. heated to about 60-70°C, peak pressure 990 Torr; | 75% |
fluorine
Conditions | Yield |
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With silica gel In neat (no solvent) passing dry air over a mixture of 2.38 g CaF2 and 2.62 g SiO2 at 1300°C for 30 minutes;; | 52.9% |
With SiO2 In neat (no solvent) passing dry air over a mixture of 2.38 g CaF2 and 2.62 g SiO2 at 1300°C for 30 minutes;; | 52.9% |
With silica gel In neat (no solvent) passing dry air over a mixture of 2.38 g CaF2 and 2.62 g SiO2 at 1200°C for 30 minutes;; | 12.2% |
Conditions | Yield |
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In solid 1 equiv of Cs2CuF6 and ca. 2 equiv of BiF5 were premixed at ambient temp., F2 evolution started when the mixt. heated to about 60-70°C, peak pressure 836 Torr; | 46% |
Conditions | Yield |
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In solid equimolar amts. of reactants were premixed at ambient temp., F2 evolution started when the mixt. heated to about 60-70°C, peak pressure 820 Torr; | 45% |
Conditions | Yield |
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In solid 1 equiv of Cs2MnF6 and 3 equiv of BiF5 were premixed at ambient temp., F2 evolution started when the mixt. heated to about 60-70°C, peak pressure 929 Torr; | 41% |
Conditions | Yield |
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In solid equimolar amts. of reactants were premixed at ambient temp., F2 evolution started when the mixt. heated to about 60-70°C, peak pressure 810 Torr; | 14% |
fluorine
Conditions | Yield |
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In melt Electrolysis; | |
In melt Electrolysis; |
1、The mineral fluorspar (also called fluorite), consisting mainly of calcium fluoride, was described in 1530 by Georgius Agricola for its use as a flux.
2、In 1670 Schwanhard found that when it was exposed to fluorspar that had been treated with acid,glass was etched .
3、As its extreme reactivity, elemental fluorine was not isolated until many years after the characterization of fluorite. In 1886, the isolation of elemental fluorine was reported by Henri Moissan after almost 74 years of effort by other chemists.
4、The first large-scale production of fluorine was undertaken in support of the Manhattan project, where the compound uranium hexafluoride (UF6) had been selected as the form of uranium that would allow separation of its 235U and 238U isotopes.
5、Today gaseous UF6 is used by the gaseous diffusion process and the gas centrifuge process to produce enriched uranium for nuclear power applications.
EPA Extremely Hazardous Substances List. Fluorine (CAS NO.7782-41-4) is reported in EPA TSCA Inventory.
OSHA PEL: TWA 0.1 ppm
ACGIH TLV: TWA 1 ppm; STEL 2 ppm
DFG MAK: 0.1 ppm (0.16 mg/m3)
DOT Classification: 2.3; Label: Poison Gas, Oxidizer
The IUPAC name of Fluorine is molecular fluorine. With the CAS registry number 7782-41-4, it is also named as Bifluoriden. The product's categories are Fluoro; Inorganics; Organic Fluorides, and the other registry numbers are 28077-97-6; 719993-31-4. Besides, it is pale yellow gas with a pungent odour, which should be stored in a well ventilated warehouse at low temperature. In addition, its molecular formula is F2 and molecular weight is 38.00.
The other characteristics of this product can be summarized as: (1)EINECS: 231-954-8; (2)ACD/LogP: 1.32; (3)# of Rule of 5 Violations: 0; (4)ACD/LogD (pH 5.5): 1.32; (5)ACD/LogD (pH 7.4): 1.32; (6)ACD/BCF (pH 5.5): 5.98; (7)ACD/BCF (pH 7.4): 5.98; (8)#H bond acceptors: 0; (9)#H bond donors: 0; (10)#Freely Rotating Bonds: 0; (11)Index of Refraction: 1.091; (12)Molar Refractivity: 2.37 cm3; (13)Molar Volume: 39.4 cm3; (14)Polarizability: 0.94×10-24cm3; (15)Surface Tension: 2.8 dyne/cm; (16)Density: 0.963 g/cm3; (17)Melting point: -220 °C; (18)Enthalpy of Vaporization: 6.66 kJ/mol; (19)Boiling Point: -188 °C; (20)Vapour Pressure: 362000 mmHg at 25 °C.
Preparation of Fluorine: this chemical can be prepared by the reaction of potassium hexafluoromanganate and antimony pentafluoride at 150 °C.
2 K2MnF6 + 4 SbF5 → 4 KSbF6 + 2 MnF3 + F2↑
Industrial production of this product in the middle temperature process entails the electrolysis of a solution of potassium bifluoride in hydrogen fluoride.
Uses of Fluorine: this chemical can be used for plasma etching in semiconductor manufacturing, flat panel display production and MEMS fabrication. Xenon difluoride is also used for this last purpose. Indirectly, it is used in the production of halons such as freon. Along with some of its compounds. Additionallym it can be used in the production of pure uranium from uranium hexafluoride and in the synthesis of numerous commercial fluorochemicals, including vitally important pharmaceuticals, agrochemical compounds, lubricants, and textiles. It is also used directly or combined with higher metals (cobalt, silver, cerium, etc.) and halogens (chlorine and bromine) for organic fluorinations and the growing production of fluorocarbons. Furthermore, it is one of the most common mineralocorticoids, a class of drugs which mimics the actions of aldosterone. And it is a triazole antifungal drug which is used in the treatment and prevention of superficial as well as systemic fungal infections.
When you are using this chemical, please be cautious about it as the following: it may cause severe burns. Please keep container in a well-ventilated place It is also very toxic by inhalation. In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. And you should wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection. Moreover, in case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show label where possible).
People can use the following data to convert to the molecule structure.
(1)Canonical SMILES: FF
(2)InChI: InChI=1S/F2/c1-2
(3)InChIKey: PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
The toxicity data is as follows:
Organism | Test Type | Route | Reported Dose (Normalized Dose) | Effect | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
dog | LC50 | inhalation | 1120mg/m3/15M (1120mg/m3) | BRAIN AND COVERINGS: RECORDINGS FROM SPECIFIC AREAS OF CNS LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: "FIBROSIS, FOCAL (PNEUMOCONIOSIS)" LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: ACUTE PULMONARY EDEMA | "Spravochnik po Toksikologii i Gigienicheskim Normativam Vol. -, Pg. 234, 1999. |
guinea pig | LC50 | inhalation | 170ppm/1H (170ppm) | SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: IRITIS: EYE LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: DYSPNEA | American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal. Vol. 29, Pg. 10, 1968. |
mouse | LC50 | inhalation | 150ppm/1H (150ppm) | SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: IRITIS: EYE LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: DYSPNEA | American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal. Vol. 29, Pg. 10, 1968. |
rabbit | LC50 | inhalation | 270ppm/30M (270ppm) | SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: IRITIS: EYE LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: DYSPNEA | American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal. Vol. 29, Pg. 10, 1968. |
rat | LC50 | inhalation | 185ppm/1H (185ppm) | SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: CONJUNCTIVE IRRITATION: EYE LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: DYSPNEA | American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal. Vol. 29, Pg. 10, 1968. |