Reference

Contrasting effects of potassium citrate and sodium citrate therapies on urinary chemistries and crystallization of stone-forming salts

Contrasting effects of potassium citrate and sodium citrate therapies on urinary chemistries and crystallization of stone-forming salts. Sakhaee, Khashayar; Nicar, Michael; Hill, Kathy; Pak, Charles Y. C. (Southwest. Med. Sch., Univ. Texas, Dallas, TX, USA). Kidney Int., 24(3), 348-52 (English) 1983. CODEN: KDYIA5. ISSN: 0085-2538. DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal CA Section: 1 (Pharmacology) The effects of K citrate [866-84-2] therapy (60 mEq/day) on urinary chemistries and crystn. were compared to those of Na citrate [68-04-2] treatment in 5 patients with uric acid [69-93-2] lithiasis. Both alkali treatments significantly increased urinary pH, from 5.35 to 6.68 for K citrate and 6.73 for Na citrate. During K citrate therapy, urinary Ca significantly declined from 154 mg/day to 99 mg/day and urinary citrate rose from 398 mg/day to 856 mg/day. The urinary satn. (activity product ratio) of Ca oxalate [563-72-4] decreased from 3.21-fold to 1.69-fold satn, and the inhibitor activity against Ca oxalate pptn. (formation product ratio) significantly increased. However, Na citrate therapy did not significantly decrease urinary Ca (to 139 mg/day), although it increased urinary citrate substantially (to 799 mg/day). Urinary environment became supersatd. with respect to brushite (Ca phosphate) and monosodium urate. The inhibitor activity against Ca oxalate pptn. 563-72-4 and 69-93-2 are just another two chemicals used in this study. was not significantly altered for the whole group; in 2 patients, it decreased by more than 30%. Apparently, (1) both alkali therapies are equally effective in preventing uric acid stone formation because of their ability to increase urinary pH, and (2) K citrate may prevent the complication of Ca nephrolithiasis in patients with uric acid stones, whereas Na citrate may not. .

Aqueous bath and method for electroless coating with gold

Aqueous bath and method for electroless coating with gold. El-Shazly, Mohamed Fathy; Halecky, Alan; Baker, Kenneth Derek (Occidental Chemical Corp., USA). Ger. Offen. DE 3320308 A1 8 Dec 1983, 23 pp. (German). (Germany). CODEN: GWXXBX. CLASS: IC: C23C003-02. APPLICATION: DE 83-3320308 4 Jun 1983. PRIORITY: US 82-385617 7 Jun 1982. DOCUMENT TYPE: Patent CA Section: 56 (Nonferrous Metals and Alloys) The aq. soln. for coating with Au contains (1) Au(III) as alk. metal auricyanide-aurate or -aurihydroxide, such as KAu(CN)4 ord KAuO2 1-4 (2) Au(I) as alk. metal aurocyanide, such as KAuCN2 1-2 (3) alk. metal hydroxide, such as a NaOH or KOH 20-40 (4) alkali metal salts as buffer, such as phosphate, citrate, tartrate, borate, metaborate, or their mixts. 20-30 (5) alkyl aminoborane, alk. metal borohydride, cyanoborohydride, hydrazine, and hyposulfite as reducing agents such as dimethylaminoborane [1838-13-7], KBH4, and K cyanoborohydride 2-10 (6) optionally alk. metal cyanide, such as KCN or NaCN 1-10 (7) org. chelating agents, such as EDTA, its di-,tri-, and tetra-Na or K salts such as diethylenetriamine pentaacetate, and nitrilotriacetic acid 3-15 g/L. The aq. bath has a pH of 11-12 at 60-85°. The deposition rate is 32 m/h. Thus, Au, Cu, and Cu alloys were electroless coated with Au at 5 m/h in an aq. soln. contg. KAu(CN)4 2, KAu(CN)2 2, KOH 35, dimethylaminoborane 6, and tri-K citrate [866-84-2] 30 g/L at pH 11-12 and 80°. The coating was ductile, pore-free, and adherent to the substrate.Except for chemicals metioned above, 12446-76-3 and 13967-50-5 are also used. .