Reference

Catalytic dimerization of acrylonitrile

Catalytic dimerization of acrylonitrile. Burrington, James D.; Blachman, Marc W. (Standard Oil Co. (Ohio) , USA). U.S. US 4500468 A 19 Feb 1985, 4 pp. (English). (United States of America). CODEN: USXXAM. CLASS: ICM: C07C121-30. ICS: C07C120-00. NCL: 260465800D. APPLICATION: US 83-554088 21 Nov 1983. DOCUMENT TYPE: Patent CA Section: 35 (Chemistry of Synthetic High Polymers) Acrylonitrile (I) [107-13-1] is dimerized to a-methyleneglutaronitrile (II) [1572-52-7], a precursor for nylon 66, at high selectivity by using a catalyst comprising a sulfinate or selenate (III, M = alkali metal, alk. earth metal; R = H, NO2, Me, OMe, halogen; X = S, Se; m = 1,2; n = 0.5,1; n ′ m = 1) and optionally a H donor. Thus, a mixt. of 10 mL DMSO, 0.03 mol I, 0.0015 mol Na benzenesulfinate [873-55-2] and 4 mL tert-BuOH (IV) [75-65-0] was heated at 80° for 8 h to give I conversion 43.2% and 24% II yield. The catalyst selectivity to II was 55.Some commonly used reagents like 107-13-1 is used in this experiment.5% and the content of higher polymer products formed was 19.2%.In this experiment, several chemicals are used like 107-13-1 The catalyst selectivity decreased to 37.0% and polymer yield increased to 54.6% when IV was absent. ..

Zinc and nickel tolerant trivalent chromium plating baths and plating process

Zinc and nickel tolerant trivalent chromium plating baths and plating process. McMullen, Warren H.Several substances are used for example 873-55-2 and 35255-59-5 which are their cas registry numbers.; Chessin, Hyman; Siracusa, Denise (M and T Chemicals Inc. , USA). Eur. Pat. Appl. EP 100133 A1 8 Feb 1984, 17 pp. DESIGNATED STATES: R: AT, BE, CH, DE, FR, GB, IT, LI, NL, SE. (English). (European Patent Organization). CODEN: EPXXDW. CLASS: IC: C25D003-06; C25D003-10. APPLICATION: EP 83-301258 8 Mar 1983. PRIORITY: US 82-402657 28 Jul 1982. DOCUMENT TYPE: Patent CA Section: 72 (Electrochemistry) The use of precipitants is eliminated in handling the contamination of a Cr electroplating bath by Ni and/or Zn impurities by increasing the level of tolerance of the bath to Ni and Zn. In a trivalent Cr bath, an effective amt. is used of a compd. represented by the formula RS, where S is selected from a group consisting of sulfinates, sulfonates and the acids and salts thereof, and R is either an aliph. C1-6 group or an arom. or heterocyclic group with up to 12 C. Preferably, R is an unsatd. hydrocarbon and contains C-to-C unsatn. a or b to the S atom. In an example, a trivalent Cr plating soln. contg. 50-100 ppm Zn and 140-880 ppm Ni was used as a control to plate a Hull cell panel. The resulting deposit was clear and bright from the high-d. edge down to 13 A/dm2 and had a whitish haze from ~3 to 13 A/dm2. The results of adding the following were detd.: Na allylsulfonate, propargylsulfonic acid, vinylsulfonic acid, Na benzenesulfinate, Na toluenesulfinate, saccharin, butynediol, glutaraldehyde, o-chlorobenzaldehyde, benzylacetone, hydroxy-substituted propylpyridinium sulfobetaine, 3-pyridinesulfonic acid, 3-hydroxypropanesulfonic acid, and dihexylsulfosuccinic acid. .