Reference

Effects of coupling agent on the rheological behavior and processability of polypropylene

Effects of coupling agent on the rheological behavior and processability of polypropylene. Dae Han, Chang; Kwack, Tae Hoon; Luo, Hong Lie (Dep. Chem. Eng., Polytech. Inst. New York, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA). J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 29(8), 2599-615 (English) 1984. CODEN: JAPNAB. ISSN: 0021-8995. DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal CA Section: 37 (Plastics Manufacture and Processing) Section cross-reference(s): 38 The effect of coupling agents on the rheol. behavior and processability of polypropylene (I) [9003-07-0] was studied. Each of 3 com. coupling agents (KR-TTS (isopropyltriisostearoyl titanate) [61417-49-0], A 1100 [919-30-2], and Y 9187 [2943-75-1]) was melt-blended with I. Melt blending was performed using a twin-screw compounding machine. The zero-shear viscosity of I was decreased by 1 order of magnitude after extrusion through the machine; coupling agents were added, I viscosity was higher than that of I without the coupling agents, undergoing the same deformation history through the machine. Independent measurements of the mol. wt. of the materials show that the wt.-av. mol. wt. (Mw) of the extruded I was 3.77 ′ 105, whereas the Mw of virgin I (for extrusion) was 4.80 ′ 105, indicating that considerable mol. degrdn. occurred during extrusion and the Mw of the I extruded with coupling agent was greater than that of I extruded without coupling agent. The mol. wt. measurement supports viscosity measurements of I studied with and without the coupling agent. Also measured were elongational viscosity of I with and without coupling agent, which was then correlated to the melt drawability of the materials studied.

Azo pigments with silica core

Azo pigments with silica core. (Mita Industrial Co., Ltd., Japan). Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 59086662 A2 18 May 1984 Showa, 27 pp. (Japanese). (Japan). CODEN: JKXXAF. CLASS: IC: C09B067-08. APPLICATION: JP 82-195268 9 Nov 1982. DOCUMENT TYPE: Patent CA Section: 41 (Dyes, Organic Pigments, Fluorescent Brighteners, and Photographic Sensitizers) The title pigments having excellent transparency and resistance to heat, water, and solvents comprise powd. silica core (<10 m) and azo dye sheath bonded to the core via an amino silane coupler. Thus, 3.5 m silica gel was stirred with 10% aq. H2N(CH2)3Si(OEt)3 [919-30-2] at 80-90° for 16 h to give coupler-bonded silica which was amidated with p-O2NC6H4COCl [122-04-3] in the presence of Et3N in CHCl3, reduced (NO2 ? NH2) with Na2S2O4, diazotized, and coupled with 3-hydroxy-N-(3-morpholinopropyl)-2-naphthamide [10155-47-2] to give a reddish orange pigment.