Reference

Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of styrene

Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of styrene. Vainio, H.; Hietanen, E.; Belvedere, G. (Inst. Occup. Health, Helsinki SF-00290, Finland). Prog. Drug Metab., 8, 203-39 (English) 1984. CODEN: PDMEDP. ISSN: 0364-8974. DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal; General Review CA Section: 4 (Toxicology) A review with many refs. on the metab. of styrene (I) [100-42-5], and esp. the toxicity of I and its metabolite, styrene oxide [96-09-3].

Erythrocyte-dependent metabolic activation of styrene and induction of sister chromatid exchange in cultured human lymphocytes

Erythrocyte-dependent metabolic activation of styrene and induction of sister chromatid exchange in cultured human lymphocytes. Norppa, H.; Vainio, H.; Sorsa, M.; Belvedere, G. (Inst. Occup. Health, Helsinki 00290/29, Finland). Arch. Toxicol., Suppl., 7(Dis. Metab. Reprod. Toxic Response Drugs Other Chem.), 286-90 (English) 1984. CODEN: ATSUDG. ISSN: 0171-9750. DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal CA Section: 4 (Toxicology) Human erythrocytes can oxidized styrene [100-42-5] to styrene 7,8-oxide (I) [96-09-3] in the absence of the cofactors required for metabolic reactions catalyzed by the microsomal cytochrome P 450 system. This probably explains the increased incidence of sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) that was detected in whole blood lymphocyte cultures from 11 male donors after treatment in vitro (48 h) with styrene (2 mM). I (0.15 mM) also induced SCE in these cultures. Styrene (0.5-4.0 mM) increased the incidence of SCE only slightly in cultures of isolated lymphocytes (2 ′ 104 erythrocytes/mL), but had a clear dose-dependent effect in whole blood cultures (2-4 ′ 108 erythrocytes/mL). When erythrocytes were added to purified cultures, SCE incidence increased after treatment with styrene (2 mM). Cyclophosphamide elevated the incidence of SCE almost equally efficiently in whole blood and isolated lymphocytes. Thus, styrene induces SCE after transformation to I by oxyHb in erythrocytes, whereas cyclophosphamide is activated by the lymphocytes themselves.