10342-59-3Relevant articles and documents
Metal Nanoparticles Catalyzed Selective Carbon-Carbon Bond Activation in the Liquid Phase
Ye, Rong,Yuan, Bing,Zhao, Jie,Ralston, Walter T.,Wu, Chung-Yeh,Unel Barin, Ebru,Toste, F. Dean,Somorjai, Gabor A.
, p. 8533 - 8537 (2016)
Understanding the C-C bond activation mechanism is essential for developing the selective production of hydrocarbons in the petroleum industry and for selective polymer decomposition. In this work, ring-opening reactions of cyclopropane derivatives under hydrogen catalyzed by metal nanoparticles (NPs) in the liquid phase were studied. 40-atom rhodium (Rh) NPs, encapsulated by dendrimer molecules and supported in mesoporous silica, catalyzed the ring opening of cyclopropylbenzene at room temperature under hydrogen in benzene, and the turnover frequency (TOF) was higher than other metals or the Rh homogeneous catalyst counterparts. Comparison of reactants with various substitution groups showed that electron donation on the three-membered ring boosted the TOF of ring opening. The linear products formed with 100% selectivity for ring opening of all reactants catalyzed by the Rh NP. Surface Rh(0) acted as the active site in the NP. The capping agent played an important role in the ring-opening reaction kinetics. Larger particle size tended to show higher TOF and smaller reaction activation energy for Rh NPs encapsulated in either dendrimer or poly(vinylpyrrolidone). The generation/size of dendrimer and surface group also affected the reaction rate and activation energy.
Poly(4-vinylpyridine)-nitrating mixture complex (PVP-NM): Solid nitrating mixture equivalent for safe and efficient aromatic nitration
Surya Prakash,Gurung, Laxman,Glinton, Kevin E.,Belligund, Kavita,Mathew, Thomas,Olah, George A.
supporting information, p. 3446 - 3451 (2015/06/25)
Friedel-Crafts type aromatic nitration has served as an indispensable reaction within both industrial and academic applications. However, growing concern over the use of copious amounts of strong acids has prompted the search for more environmentally friendly alternatives. Polymer-bound Bronsted acids, on the other hand, have been shown useful as convenient alternatives to liquid acids. Nitric acid and sulfuric acids have, therefore, been combined, both individually and as a mixture, with poly(4-vinylpyridine). The new solid acid systems have been used to nitrate both activated and deactivated arenes under mild conditions and proved to be effective nitrating agent.
Highly regioselective dinitration of toluene over reusable zeolite Hβ
Smith, Keith,Alotaibi, Mohammad Hayal,El-Hiti, Gamal A.
, p. 244 - 247 (2013/02/22)
A nitration system comprising nitric acid, propanoic anhydride, and zeolite Hβ has been developed for dinitration of toluene to give 2,4-dinitrotoluene in 98% yield, with a 2,4-:2,6-dinitrotoluene ratio of over 120. This represents the most selective quantitative method for 2,4-dinitration of toluene; the catalyst is reusable, solvent is not needed, and an aqueous work-up is not required.
