136817-59-9 Usage
Description
Delavirdine, also known as Rescriptor, is a bisheteroarylpiperazine (BHAP) derivative and a potent nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity specific for HIV-1. It is used in combination with other anti-HIV agents to treat HIV-1 infections. The U.S. FDA has approved this drug, which has demonstrated sustained improvements in CD4 cell counts, p24 antigen levels, and RNA viral load in Phase I/II study trials. Delavirdine is a crystalline solid and is more than 98% protein bound, with a half-life of 2 to 11 hours.
Used in Pharmaceutical Industry:
Delavirdine is used as an antiretroviral agent for the treatment of HIV-1 infections. It is particularly effective when used in combination with other anti-HIV agents, such as ddI, ddC, or ZDV, which can demonstrate additive or synergistic effects. Delavirdine with ZDV is more beneficial in early HIV infection, while combinations with nevirapine have an antagonistic effect on HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibition.
Indications
Delavirdine (Rescriptor) is approved for the treatment
of HIV-1 infection in adults and adolescents over age 16
as part of a combination therapy. Rash accompanied by
pruritus is the most frequent adverse effect of this
agent; however, it usually resolves within several weeks
of treatment. Severe skin reactions are rare. Headache,
nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fatigue, and elevated hepatic
enzymes also may be associated with delavirdine administration.
Acquired resistance
The predominant amino acid substitution associated with
resistance is at position 236 of the HIV reverse transcriptase.
Pharmaceutical Applications
A complex piperazine derivative, formulated for oral administration.
Mechanism of action
Delavirdine directly inhibits RT and DNA-directed DNA polymerase activities of HIV-1 after the formation of the enzyme–substrate complexes, thereby causing chain-termination effects.
Pharmacokinetics
Oral absorption: Not known/available
Cmax 400 mg oral thrice daily: c. 19.3 mg/L
Cmin 400 mg oral thrice daily: c. 8.3 mg/L
Plasma half-life: c. 6 h
Volume of distribution: c. 0.7 L/kg
Plasma protein binding: c. 98%
Absorption and distribution
It is rapidly absorbed following oral administration. Food has no significant effect on absorption. It is distributed predominantly into blood plasma and CNS penetration is poor. The semen:plasma ratio is about 0.02. It is not known if it is distributed into breast milk.
Metabolism and excretion
Several metabolites are formed by the CYP3A4 isoform of cytochrome P450 and it is a potent inhibitor of this enzyme system. Around 44% of the drug is recovered in feces and 51% in urine, about 5% as unchanged drug. Given the predominant hepatic metabolism, caution should be exercised in patients with impaired hepatic function.
Clinical Use
Treatment of HIV disease in adults and children over 12 years of age (in
combination with other antiretroviral agents)
Delavirdine has fallen out of favor with the increasing preference
for antiretrovirals than can be dosed twice or once daily.
Side effects
Around 18% of patients experience a diffuse, maculopapular,
erythematous and often pruritic rash. Dose titration does not
appear to reduce the incidence of this side effect. The rash
usually first appears within 1 month of commencing therapy
and resolves within 2 weeks without dose modification. In
about 4% of cases it is severe enough to warrant discontinuation
of treatment.
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 136817-59-9 includes 9 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 6 digits, 1,3,6,8,1 and 7 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 5 and 9 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 136817-59:
(8*1)+(7*3)+(6*6)+(5*8)+(4*1)+(3*7)+(2*5)+(1*9)=149
149 % 10 = 9
So 136817-59-9 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/C22H28N6O3S/c1-15(2)24-19-5-4-8-23-21(19)27-9-11-28(12-10-27)22(29)20-14-16-13-17(26-32(3,30)31)6-7-18(16)25-20/h4-8,13-15,24-26H,9-12H2,1-3H3
136817-59-9Relevant articles and documents
Carboxylic Acid-Promoted Single-Step Indole Construction from Simple Anilines and Ketones via Aerobic Cross-Dehydrogenative Coupling
Ren, Long,Nan, Guanglei,Wang, Yongcheng,Xiao, Zhiyan
, p. 14472 - 14488 (2018/11/23)
The cross-dehydrogenative coupling (CDC) reaction is an efficient strategy for indole synthesis. However, most CDC methods require special substrates, and the presence of inherent groups limits the versatility for further transformation. A carboxylic acid-promoted aerobic catalytic system is developed herein for a single-step synthesis of indoles from simple anilines and ketones. This versatile system is featured by the broad substrate scope and the use of ambient oxygen as an oxidant and is convenient and economical for both laboratory and industry applications. The existence of the labile hydrogen at C-3 and the highly transformable carbonyl at C-2 makes the indoles versatile building blocks for organic synthesis in different contexts. Computational studies based on the density functional theory (DFT) suggest that the rate-determining step is carboxylic acid-assisted condensation of the substrates, rather than the functionalization of aryl C-H. Accordingly, a pathway via imine intermediates is deemed to be the preferred mechanism. In contrast to the general deduction, the in situ formed imine, instead of its enamine isomer, is believed to be involved in the first ligand exchange and later carbopalladation of the α-Me, which shed new light on this indolization mechanism.
