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104-61-0

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104-61-0 Usage

Description

Different sources of media describe the Description of 104-61-0 differently. You can refer to the following data:
1. Gamma-Nonalactone (5-Pentyloxolan-2-one) is a colorless to pale yellow clear oily liquid. It is found in bourbon whiskey, black currant berries, melon, papaya, pineapple, fresh blackberry, etc.1,2 It has a creamy and coconut-like odor.3 It is used as a flavoring agent in food to give coconut flavor. It is also a potential multi-species attractant lure for grain beetle pests.4
2. γ-Nonalactone has a strong odor reminiscent of coconut and a fatty, peculiar taste. May be synthesized by reacting methylacry- late and hexanol in the presence of ditertiarybutyl peroxide; by condensation of undecylenic acid and malonic acid; by lactonizα- tion of nonenoic acid.

Reference

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma-Nonalactone George A. Burdock, Encyclopedia of Food and Color Additives, Band 1, 1996, ISBN 0-8493-9416-3 http://www.thegoodscentscompany.com https://www.sigmaaldrich.com

Chemical Properties

Different sources of media describe the Chemical Properties of 104-61-0 differently. You can refer to the following data:
1. γ-Nonalactone has a strong odor reminiscent of coconut and a fatty, peculiar taste.
2. gamma-Nonanolactone occurs in many foods and is a pale yellow liquidwith a coconut-like aroma. It has numerous applications, similarly to those of ??-octalactone, in aroma compositions and perfumery.

Occurrence

Reported found in peaches, apricots, roasted barely, rum, tomato, currants, guava, raisin, papaya, peach, pineapple, blackberry, strawberry jam, asparagus, wheat and crispbread, Camembert cheese, butter, milk, chicken, beef, lamb and pork fat, cooked beef and pork, beer, cognac, whiskies, sherry, grape wines, cocoa, green tea, pecan, oats, soybean, avocado, passion fruit, plum, plumcot, beans, mushroom, starfruit, fenugreek, mango, tamarind, rice, prickly pear, buckwheat, licorice, malt, wort, cherimoya, Bourbon vanilla, shrimp, nectarine, maté and sweet grass oil.

Uses

Different sources of media describe the Uses of 104-61-0 differently. You can refer to the following data:
1. (γ-Nonalactone is one of the prominent, odour active compounds present in freshly cooked rice, and also has a coconut-like scent. γ-Nonalactone is also present in aging beers and other fermenting products.
2. In flavor applications, this compound contributes to caramel notes. In fragrance applications, this compound contributes is used in amber, balsam, floral, juniper berry, nutmeg, pine, coconut, maple and oriental notes.
3. (Gamma)-Nonalactone is a synthetic flavoring agent that is a colorless to yellow liquid of strong, coconut-like odor. It is soluble in most fixed oils, mineral oil, and propylene glycol. It is stable in acids and unstable in alkali and should be stored in glass, tin, or aluminum containers. It is used in coconut flavors and has application in gelatins, puddings, baked goods, candy, and ice cream at 11–55 ppm. It is also termed aldehyde c-18.

Preparation

By reacting methylacrylate and hexanol in the presence of ditertiarybutyl peroxide; by condensation of undecylenic acid and malonic acid by lactonization of nonenoic acid

Aroma threshold values

Detection: 7 ppb

Taste threshold values

Taste characteristics at 10 ppm: coconut, creamy, waxy with fatty milky notes

General Description

γ-Nonanoic lactone is an oak lactone commonly found in wines aged in oak barrels. It is the main flavor component of coconut. γ-Nonanoic lactone is also a potential multi-species attractant lure for grain beetle pests.

Flammability and Explosibility

Nonflammable

Safety Profile

Moderately toxic by ingestion. A skin irritant. Mutation data reported. Combustible liquid. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes. See also ALDEHYDES.

Check Digit Verification of cas no

The CAS Registry Mumber 104-61-0 includes 6 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 3 digits, 1,0 and 4 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 6 and 1 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 104-61:
(5*1)+(4*0)+(3*4)+(2*6)+(1*1)=30
30 % 10 = 0
So 104-61-0 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/C9H16O2/c1-2-3-4-5-8-6-7-9(10)11-8/h8H,2-7H2,1H3/t8-/m0/s1

104-61-0 Well-known Company Product Price

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  • Sigma-Aldrich

  • (44542)  γ-Nonalactone  analytical reference material

  • 104-61-0

  • 44542-1ML

  • 965.25CNY

  • Detail
  • Aldrich

  • (292370)  γ-Nonanoiclactone  97%

  • 104-61-0

  • 292370-5ML

  • 449.28CNY

  • Detail
  • Aldrich

  • (292370)  γ-Nonanoiclactone  97%

  • 104-61-0

  • 292370-100ML

  • 624.78CNY

  • Detail

104-61-0SDS

SAFETY DATA SHEETS

According to Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) - Sixth revised edition

Version: 1.0

Creation Date: Aug 10, 2017

Revision Date: Aug 10, 2017

1.Identification

1.1 GHS Product identifier

Product name gamma-Nonanolactone

1.2 Other means of identification

Product number -
Other names 2(3H)-Furanone, dihydro-5-pentyl-

1.3 Recommended use of the chemical and restrictions on use

Identified uses For industry use only. Fragrances
Uses advised against no data available

1.4 Supplier's details

1.5 Emergency phone number

Emergency phone number -
Service hours Monday to Friday, 9am-5pm (Standard time zone: UTC/GMT +8 hours).

More Details:104-61-0 SDS

104-61-0Synthetic route

nonane-1,4-diol
2430-73-1

nonane-1,4-diol

γ-nonalactone
104-61-0

γ-nonalactone

Conditions
ConditionsYield
98%
Electrolysis;96%
With silica gel; sodium hydrogencarbonate; sodium bromide; 4-hydroxy-TEMPO benzoate In water at 20℃; Electrochemical reaction;91%
Cp*RuCl(Ph2P(CH2)2NH2-κ2-P,N); potassium tert-butylate In acetone at 30℃; for 1h;96 % Spectr.
4-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-nonanoic acid methyl ester

4-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-nonanoic acid methyl ester

γ-nonalactone
104-61-0

γ-nonalactone

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With hydroxide; dihydrogen peroxide95%
acrylic acid methyl ester
292638-85-8

acrylic acid methyl ester

hexan-1-ol
111-27-3

hexan-1-ol

γ-nonalactone
104-61-0

γ-nonalactone

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Stage #1: acrylic acid methyl ester; hexan-1-ol With Quinuclidine; 2,2-bis(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1,3,2λ4-oxazaborolidine; Ir[dF(CF3)ppy]2(4,4′-di-tert-butyl-2,2′-bipyridine)PF6 In acetonitrile at 25 - 33℃; for 14h; Irradiation; Sealed tube; Inert atmosphere;
Stage #2: In acetonitrile at 50℃; for 3h; regioselective reaction;
90%
With Quinuclidine; [4,4’-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-2,2’-bipyridine-N1,N1‘]bis [3,5-difluoro-2-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl-N]phenyl-C]iridium(III) hexafluorophosphate; tetrabutylammonium dihydrogen phosphate In acetonitrile at 27℃; Kinetics; Catalytic behavior; Reagent/catalyst; Irradiation;84%
With di-tert-butyl peroxide; zinc dibromide In water at 180℃; for 12h; Solvent; Time; Dean-Stark;70.1%
With di-tert-butyl peroxide at 140 - 170℃; Large scale;1465 kg
With di-tert-butyl peroxide at 20 - 170℃;146 g
acrylic acid
79-10-7

acrylic acid

hexan-1-ol
111-27-3

hexan-1-ol

γ-nonalactone
104-61-0

γ-nonalactone

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With di-tert-butyl peroxide at 10 - 160℃;86.2%
With di-tert-butyl peroxide; zinc dibromide at 180℃; for 12h; Dean-Stark;76%
hexanal
66-25-1

hexanal

acrylic acid methyl ester
292638-85-8

acrylic acid methyl ester

γ-nonalactone
104-61-0

γ-nonalactone

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With chloro-trimethyl-silane; tetraethylammonium tosylate In N,N-dimethyl-formamide Ambient temperature; electroreductive crossed hydrocoupling;86%
methyl 4-oxononanoate
33566-57-3

methyl 4-oxononanoate

γ-nonalactone
104-61-0

γ-nonalactone

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With sodium tetrahydroborate; disodium hydrogenphosphate In methanol for 5h; Ambient temperature;85%
γ-(1-Iodo-n-pentyl)-γ-butyrolactone
120040-75-7

γ-(1-Iodo-n-pentyl)-γ-butyrolactone

γ-nonalactone
104-61-0

γ-nonalactone

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With hydrogen; nickel In ethanol for 24h;85%
1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropyl acrylate
2160-89-6

1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropyl acrylate

hexan-1-ol
111-27-3

hexan-1-ol

γ-nonalactone
104-61-0

γ-nonalactone

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With quinuclidin-3-yl benzenesulfonate; 3,3,3',3'-tetrakis(trifluoromethyl)-1,1'(3H,3'H)-spirobi<2,1-benzoxasilole>; C36H16F16IrN4(1+)*F6P(1-) In acetonitrile at 20℃; for 14h; Glovebox; Inert atmosphere; Sealed tube; Irradiation;82%
1-Heptene
592-76-7

1-Heptene

tributylstannyl iodoacetate
73927-91-0

tributylstannyl iodoacetate

γ-nonalactone
104-61-0

γ-nonalactone

Conditions
ConditionsYield
2,2'-azobis(isobutyronitrile) In benzene for 8h; Heating;75%
β-Propiolactone
57-57-8

β-Propiolactone

hexanal
66-25-1

hexanal

γ-nonalactone
104-61-0

γ-nonalactone

Conditions
ConditionsYield
nickel(II) iodide; samarium diiodide In tetrahydrofuran for 1h; Addition;75%
methyl 3-(oxiran-2-yl)propanoate
76543-09-4

methyl 3-(oxiran-2-yl)propanoate

butyl magnesium bromide
693-04-9

butyl magnesium bromide

γ-nonalactone
104-61-0

γ-nonalactone

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Stage #1: butyl magnesium bromide With copper(I) cyanide In tetrahydrofuran at 0℃; for 0.416667h; Inert atmosphere;
Stage #2: methyl 3-(oxiran-2-yl)propanoate In tetrahydrofuran at 0℃; for 1h; Inert atmosphere;
Stage #3: With ammonium chloride In tetrahydrofuran; diethyl ether; water
72%
1-Heptene
592-76-7

1-Heptene

bromoacetic acid
79-08-3

bromoacetic acid

γ-nonalactone
104-61-0

γ-nonalactone

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With dibenzoyl peroxide In benzene Heating;69%
(E)-3-octene-1,1-dicarboxylic acid
35349-81-6

(E)-3-octene-1,1-dicarboxylic acid

A

(E)-4-nonenoic acid
35329-50-1

(E)-4-nonenoic acid

B

γ-nonalactone
104-61-0

γ-nonalactone

Conditions
ConditionsYield
at 150 - 160℃;A 64%
B n/a
dihydro-5-(4-iodobutyl)-2(3H)-furanone
91712-77-5

dihydro-5-(4-iodobutyl)-2(3H)-furanone

dilithium cyanodimethylcuprate

dilithium cyanodimethylcuprate

γ-nonalactone
104-61-0

γ-nonalactone

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In tetrahydrofuran for 2h; Ambient temperature;61%
hexanal
66-25-1

hexanal

ethyl acrylate
140-88-5

ethyl acrylate

γ-nonalactone
104-61-0

γ-nonalactone

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With samarium diiodide In tetrahydrofuran at 0℃; for 10h;57%
With samarium diiodide; tert-butyl alcohol In tetrahydrofuran for 3h; Ambient temperature;28%
hexanal
66-25-1

hexanal

ethyl acrylate
140-88-5

ethyl acrylate

A

ethyl γ-hydroxypelargonate
57753-68-1

ethyl γ-hydroxypelargonate

B

γ-nonalactone
104-61-0

γ-nonalactone

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With borax; ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; bis(dibutylethyl)hexamethylenediammonium hydroxide; triethylamine In water at 20℃; pH=10; Reagent/catalyst; Solvent; Temperature; Concentration; Electrochemical reaction;A 48%
B 23.7%
diethyl-(2-methoxycarbonyl-ethyl)-methyl-ammonium; iodide
37651-49-3

diethyl-(2-methoxycarbonyl-ethyl)-methyl-ammonium; iodide

hexanal
66-25-1

hexanal

γ-nonalactone
104-61-0

γ-nonalactone

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With tetraethylammonium tosylate In N,N-dimethyl-formamide cathodic reduction;47%
5-(2-Hydroxy-heptyl)-2,2-dimethyl-[1,3]dioxane-4,6-dione
111861-22-4

5-(2-Hydroxy-heptyl)-2,2-dimethyl-[1,3]dioxane-4,6-dione

γ-nonalactone
104-61-0

γ-nonalactone

Conditions
ConditionsYield
at 150 - 160℃; for 0.5h;41%
(E)-non-3-enenitrile
150171-98-5

(E)-non-3-enenitrile

γ-nonalactone
104-61-0

γ-nonalactone

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With sulfuric acid
(E)-non-3-enoic acid
28163-88-4

(E)-non-3-enoic acid

γ-nonalactone
104-61-0

γ-nonalactone

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With sulfuric acid
7-hydroxynonanoic acid
70478-77-2

7-hydroxynonanoic acid

γ-nonalactone
104-61-0

γ-nonalactone

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With sulfuric acid
4,7-dioxo-nonanoic acid
37056-01-2

4,7-dioxo-nonanoic acid

γ-nonalactone
104-61-0

γ-nonalactone

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With hydrogenchloride; amalgamated zinc; toluene
(E)-3-octene-1,1-dicarboxylic acid
35349-81-6

(E)-3-octene-1,1-dicarboxylic acid

γ-nonalactone
104-61-0

γ-nonalactone

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With sulfuric acid In water for 10h; Heating;
4-Hydroxy-nonanethioic acid benzylamide
127839-79-6

4-Hydroxy-nonanethioic acid benzylamide

γ-nonalactone
104-61-0

γ-nonalactone

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With hydrogenchloride; methyl iodide 1.) THF, RT, 2.) 100 deg C, 3 h; Yield given. Multistep reaction;
4-hydroxy-2-nonenoic acid
139398-43-9

4-hydroxy-2-nonenoic acid

γ-nonalactone
104-61-0

γ-nonalactone

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With hydrogen; palladium on activated charcoal In methanol under 2068.59 Torr; for 15h; Hydrogenation; lactonization;
(+-)-2,2,4-trichloro-nonanoic acid ethyl ester

(+-)-2,2,4-trichloro-nonanoic acid ethyl ester

γ-nonalactone
104-61-0

γ-nonalactone

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With potassium hydroxide; nickel Hydrogenation.anschliessendes Ansaeuern mit wss. Schwefelsaeure;
sodium diethylmalonate
996-82-7

sodium diethylmalonate

(+-)-1,2-epoxy-heptane

(+-)-1,2-epoxy-heptane

γ-nonalactone
104-61-0

γ-nonalactone

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With ethanol; alkaline solution Erhitzen des Reaktionsprodukts unter vermindertem Druck;
4-oxo-nonanoic acid ethyl ester
37174-92-8

4-oxo-nonanoic acid ethyl ester

A

4-oxononanoic acid
6064-52-4

4-oxononanoic acid

B

γ-nonalactone
104-61-0

γ-nonalactone

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With D-glucose; C. boidinii In phosphate buffer at 20℃; pH=6.0;A 91 % Chromat.
B 4 % Chromat.
4-hydroxynon-2-enal
850480-50-1

4-hydroxynon-2-enal

γ-nonalactone
104-61-0

γ-nonalactone

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps
1: 25 percent / sodium chlorite; 1 mM HCl; sulfamic acid / H2O / 3 h / 20 °C
2: hydrogen / Pd/C / methanol / 15 h / 2068.59 Torr
View Scheme
γ-nonalactone
104-61-0

γ-nonalactone

ethylamine
75-04-7

ethylamine

N-ethyl-4-hydroxynonanamide

N-ethyl-4-hydroxynonanamide

Conditions
ConditionsYield
at 50℃; for 24h;98%
γ-nonalactone
104-61-0

γ-nonalactone

4-hydroxynonanamide
57788-65-5

4-hydroxynonanamide

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With ammonia at 50 - 60℃; for 168h;94%
γ-nonalactone
104-61-0

γ-nonalactone

(S)-2-amino-3-phenyl-N-[(R)-1-phenylethyl]propanamide
133287-30-6

(S)-2-amino-3-phenyl-N-[(R)-1-phenylethyl]propanamide

(S)-2-[4-hydroxynonanamide]-3-phenyl-N-[(R)-1-phenylethyl]propanamide
1219498-04-0

(S)-2-[4-hydroxynonanamide]-3-phenyl-N-[(R)-1-phenylethyl]propanamide

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Stage #1: (S)-2-amino-3-phenyl-N-[(R)-1-phenylethyl]propanamide With trimethylaluminum In dichloromethane; toluene at 0℃; for 1h;
Stage #2: γ-nonalactone In dichloromethane; toluene at 20℃;
93%
γ-nonalactone
104-61-0

γ-nonalactone

nonane-1,4-diol
2430-73-1

nonane-1,4-diol

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With hydrogen; sodium methylate; RuCl2(L-1) In tetrahydrofuran at 100℃; under 37503.8 Torr; for 2.5h; Product distribution / selectivity;91%
With potassium methanolate; hydrogen; homogeneous ruthenium complex In toluene at 100℃; under 37503.8 Torr; for 4h;91%
With C15H29MnNO3P2(1+)*Br(1-); potassium tert-butylate; hydrogen In 1,4-dioxane at 110℃; under 22502.3 Torr; for 24h; Inert atmosphere; Autoclave;82%
γ-nonalactone
104-61-0

γ-nonalactone

methylamine
74-89-5

methylamine

N-methyl-4-hydroxynonanamide
57753-57-8

N-methyl-4-hydroxynonanamide

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In tetrahydrofuran at 65℃; for 168h;89%
γ-nonalactone
104-61-0

γ-nonalactone

5-pentyl-dihydro-furan-2-thione

5-pentyl-dihydro-furan-2-thione

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With Lawessons reagent; Hexamethyldisiloxane at 120℃; for 0.0416667h; microwave irradiation;89%
γ-nonalactone
104-61-0

γ-nonalactone

isopropyl bromide
75-26-3

isopropyl bromide

isopropyl 4-hydroxynonanoate
118438-05-4

isopropyl 4-hydroxynonanoate

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With potassium hydroxide In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 20℃; for 16h; Inert atmosphere;83%
Stage #1: γ-nonalactone With potassium hydroxide In methanol at 20℃; for 72h;
Stage #2: isopropyl bromide In dimethyl sulfoxide at 20℃; for 20h;
4.62 g
ethylmagnesium bromide
925-90-6

ethylmagnesium bromide

γ-nonalactone
104-61-0

γ-nonalactone

C11H22O2

C11H22O2

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With titanium(IV) isopropylate; methylmagnesium bromide In tetrahydrofuran; diethyl ether at 0 - 20℃; for 1.5h; Inert atmosphere;74%
diethylmethylsilane
760-32-7

diethylmethylsilane

carbon monoxide
201230-82-2

carbon monoxide

γ-nonalactone
104-61-0

γ-nonalactone

A

diethylmethylsilyl acetate
5290-28-8

diethylmethylsilyl acetate

B

5-<<(diethylmethylsilyl)oxy>-methylene>nonanoic acid diethylmethylsilyl ester
104665-10-3

5-<<(diethylmethylsilyl)oxy>-methylene>nonanoic acid diethylmethylsilyl ester

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With pyridine; dicobalt octacarbonyl In benzene at 140℃; for 6h;A n/a
B 73%
diethylmethylsilane
760-32-7

diethylmethylsilane

carbon monoxide
201230-82-2

carbon monoxide

γ-nonalactone
104-61-0

γ-nonalactone

5-<<(diethylmethylsilyl)oxy>-methylene>nonanoic acid diethylmethylsilyl ester
104665-10-3

5-<<(diethylmethylsilyl)oxy>-methylene>nonanoic acid diethylmethylsilyl ester

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With pyridine; dicobalt octacarbonyl In benzene at 140℃; under 38000 Torr; for 6h;73%
N,N,N-trimethylhydrazinium iodide
3288-80-0

N,N,N-trimethylhydrazinium iodide

γ-nonalactone
104-61-0

γ-nonalactone

C12H26N2O2

C12H26N2O2

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With potassium tert-butylate In tert-butyl alcohol at 50℃; for 5h;63%
γ-nonalactone
104-61-0

γ-nonalactone

dec-5-en-2-one
40657-54-3

dec-5-en-2-one

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With acetic acid at 450℃;52%
formaldehyd
50-00-0

formaldehyd

1-butanethiol
109-79-5

1-butanethiol

γ-nonalactone
104-61-0

γ-nonalactone

A

5-amyl-5-butylthiotetrahydrofuran-2-one
120388-37-6

5-amyl-5-butylthiotetrahydrofuran-2-one

B

5-amyl-3-butylthiomethylenfuran-2-one
120388-36-5

5-amyl-3-butylthiomethylenfuran-2-one

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With potassium hydroxide In ethanol at 45 - 55℃; for 7h;A 18%
B 51%
γ-nonalactone
104-61-0

γ-nonalactone

hexanoic acid
142-62-1

hexanoic acid

A

dipentyl ketone
927-49-1

dipentyl ketone

B

(9E)-tetradec-9-en-6-one

(9E)-tetradec-9-en-6-one

Conditions
ConditionsYield
pumice; zinc diacetate; manganese(II) acetate at 450℃;A 50%
B 5%

104-61-0Relevant articles and documents

O-H hydrogen bonding promotes H-atom transfer from α C-H bonds for C-alkylation of alcohols

Jeffrey, Jenna L.,Terrett, Jack A.,MacMillant, David W.C.

, p. 1532 - 1536 (2015)

The efficiency and selectivity of hydrogen atom transfer from organic molecules are often difficult to control in the presence of multiple potential hydrogen atom donors and acceptors. Here, we describe the mechanistic evaluation of a mode of catalytic activation that accomplishes the highly selective photoredox a-alkylation/lactonization of alcohols with methyl acrylate via a hydrogen atom transfer mechanism. Our studies indicate a particular role of tetra-n-butylammonium phosphate in enhancing the selectivity for α C-H bonds in alcohols in the presence of allylic, benzylic, α-C=O, and α-ether C-H bonds.

Conjugate Addition of gem-Borazirconocene Alkenes to Michael Acceptors

Pereira, Schubert,Srebnik, Morris

, p. 1805 - 1808 (1995)

gem-Borazirconocenes, 1, readily add across Michael acceptors in the presence of Cu(I)Br*SMe2, to afford 1,4-addition products in good to excellent yilds.In the case of cycloalkenones diastereomers are produced, with the anti product favored.The selectivity with cyclopentenone is high (9:1), while with cyclohexenone it is less (3:1).In the present context, gem-borazirconocene alkanes can be regarded as α-hydroxyl anion equivalents.

-

Nikishin et al.

, (1976)

-

Efficient preparation of racemic γ-nonalactone

Tu, Song,Dong, Wan,Yang, Jing,Zhang, Chen,Shen, Youyu

, p. 72 - 74 (2013)

-

Characterisation of a by-product formed in the industrial production of γ-nonalactone

Chen, Haitao,Wang, Dan,Liu, Yongguo,Zhang, Guoying,Wang, Tianyi,Wang, Yang,Yang, Shaoxiang,Sun, Baoguo,Tian, Hongyu

, p. 141 - 143 (2016)

Distillation residues from the industrial production of γ-nonalactone, which is accomplished by reaction of hexanol with methyl acrylate initiated by t-butyl peroxide, yielded a by-product which we deduced to be 4-(methoxycarbonylethyl)-γ-nonalactone. The possible pathway of formation of this by-product is discussed.

MELDRUM'S ACID AS A REAGENT FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF 4-ALKANOLIDES

Zav'yalov, S. I.,Ezhova, G. I.,Kravchenko, N. E.

, p. 609 - 612 (1987)

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Identification of Bond-Weakening Spirosilane Catalyst for Photoredox α-C?H Alkylation of Alcohols

Sakai, Kentaro,Oisaki, Kounosuke,Kanai, Motomu

supporting information, p. 337 - 343 (2019/12/24)

The development of catalyst-controlled site-selective C(sp3)?H functionalization is a current major challenge in organic synthesis. This paper describes DFT-guided identification of pentavalent silicate species as a novel bond-weakening catalyst for the α-C?H bonds of alcohols together with a photoredox catalyst and a hydrogen atom transfer catalyst. Specifically, Martin's spirosilane accelerated α-C?H alkylation of alcohols. (Figure presented.).

Production method for synthesizing coconut aldehyde synthetic fragrance through reactive distillation

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Paragraph 0039-0064, (2019/01/08)

The invention belongs to the technical field of fine chemical production, and specifically relates to a production method for synthesizing a coconut aldehyde synthetic fragrance through reactive distillation. The production method comprises the following steps: (a) mixing raw materials through a pipeline so as to obtain a batched mixture; (b) releasing hexanol into a preheater from the interior ofa hexanol high-level tank, and carrying out preheating; (c) pumping the hexanol into the high-boiling-point feeding section of the reaction zone of a reactive distillation tower, pumping the batchedmixture into the low-boiling-point feeding section of the reaction zone of the reactive distillation tower through a dropwise adding pump; (d) separating a crude coconut aldehyde product from the tower bottom of the reactive distillation tower; (e) transferring the hexanol separated in the step (d) into the preheater through a material pump, and allowing the hexanol to continue participating in areaction; and (f) further subjecting the separated crude coconut aldehyde product to separation and purification. The production method provided by the invention adopts a reactive distillation technology to separate by-products namely methanol and tert-butanol and low-boiling-point impurities generated by side reactions out of a reaction system in time, greatly shortens the reaction time, and improves the reaction speed and reaction efficiency.

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