10540-29-1

Basic information

• Product Name: Tamoxifen
• Synonyms: (Z)-1-(p-Dimethylaminoethoxyphenyl)-1,2-diphenyl-1-butene, trans-2-[4-(1,2-Diphenyl-1-butenyl)phenoxy]-N,N-dimethylethylamine;2-[4-[(Z)-1,2-Di(phenyl)but-1-enyl]phenoxy]-N,N-dimethylethanamine;Mammaton;2-[4-[(Z)-1,2-Diphenyl-1-butenyl]phenoxy]-N,N-dimethylethanamine;2-[p-[(Z)-1,2-Diphenyl-1-butenyl]phenyloxy]-N,N-dimethylethanamine;N,N-Dimethyl-2-[p-[(Z)-1,2-diphenyl-1-butenyl]phenoxy]ethanamine;C07108;Tamoxifen,(Z)-1-(p-Dimethylaminoethoxyphenyl)-1,2-diphenyl-1-butene, trans-2-[4-(1,2-Diphenyl-1-butenyl)phenoxy]-N,N-dimethylethylamine
• CAS NO: 10540-29-1
• Molecular Formula: C₂₆H₂₉NO
• Molecular Weight: 371.51
• EINECS: 234-118-0
• Product Categories: Aromatics;Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients;Protein Kinase Inhibitors and Activators;Intermediates & Fine Chemicals;Pharmaceuticals;Isotope Labeled Compounds
• Mol File: 10540-29-1.mol
• Article Data: 66

Chemical Properties

• Melting Point: 97-98 °C(lit.)
• Boiling Point: 501.18°C (rough estimate)
• Flash Point: 140 °C
• Appearance: White crystalline solid
• Density: 1.0630 (rough estimate)
• Vapor Pressure: 1.85E-09mmHg at 25°C
• Refractive Index: 1.6000 (estimate)
• Storage Temp.: 2-8°C
• Solubility: H2O: insoluble
• PKA: pKa 8.71(H2O t = 25 I = 0.025) (Uncertain)
• Water Solubility: Insoluble in water. Soluble in methanol, ethanol, propanol or propylene glycol.Soluble in dimethyl sulfoxide, dichloromethane an
• Stability: Light Sensitive
• Merck: 13,9137
• CAS DataBase Reference: Tamoxifen(CAS DataBase Reference)
• NIST Chemistry Reference: Tamoxifen(10540-29-1)
• EPA Substance Registry System: Tamoxifen(10540-29-1)

Safety Data

• Hazard Codes: T,Xi
• Statements: 45-60-61-64-36/37/38
• Safety Statements: 53-45-36-26
• WGK Germany: 3
• RTECS: KR5919600
• Hazardous Substances Data: 10540-29-1(Hazardous Substances Data)

Usage

Antiestrogen drug

Tamoxifen is non-steroidal anti-estrogen drugs. Its structure is similar to estrogen, existing Z type and O type isomers. The physical and chemical properties are different from each other, and physiological activity is different. E type has weak estrogenic activity, Z type having the effect of anti-estrogen. If the estrogen receptor (ER) is present in breast cancer cells, estrogen enters into tumor cells and binds with ER, promoting mRNA and DNA synthesis of tumor cells, stimulating tumor cell growth. However, Tamoxifen Z isomer enters into the cell, competitively binding with ER to form receptor complexes, inhibiting that estrogen plays an role, and inhibiting proliferation of breast cancer cells. Clinically it is mainly used for high levels of estrogen in breast cancer patients, which combines with androgen and other anticancer drugs (such as doxorubicin, etc., enhancing the effectiveness and showing good effect in postmenopausal patients with advanced breast cancer. Oral: once 10~20mg, 2 times 1 day. Common side effects are flushing, genital itching, occasional vaginal bleeding, a few may have a headache, fluid retention, for a long time may have retinal disease, vision loss, the other can have bone marrow suppression and gastrointestinal reactions. Tamoxifen is used to treat breast cancer, and can reduce mortality and recurrence rate of estrogen-dependent breast cancer patients, so it has a good prospect. Another endocrine therapy aromatase inhibitor, it can inhibit effect of aromatase, preventing that the and rostenedione secreted by adrenal gland is transformed into estrogen in peripheral tissues (fat, skin, muscle), further reducing estrogen levels in postmenopausal women. It is currently one of the important means to treat postmenopausal patients with estrogen and progesterone receptor-positive breast cancer. Figure 1 Mechanism of action of Tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitors

Origin of the study

In the 1960s, as for initial research of estrogen drug, scientists found that anti-estrogen drugs can prevent endometrial hyperplasia and embryo implantation in rats, and has the role of contraception, hoping that it can be used as contraceptives for use in humans. In1966 UK reproductive endocrinologist Walpole firstly reported study of Tamoxifen. When investigating an anti-estrogen substance-tristyrylphenol, they found that its two derivatives had different physiological effects. They used vaginal epithelium keratosis index and uterine weight growth index as the evaluation index. Results showed that homeopathic structure (ICI47,699) has estrogen-like effects on uterus and vaginal epithelial cells in rat and mice; trans structure (ICI46,747) has very weak estrogenic effect on vaginal epithelial cells in rat, has an anti-estrogenic effect on the uterus, which can terminate early pregnancy and inhibit ovulation, but it also has anti-estrogenic effect on uterus and vaginal epithelial cells in mouse. Trans structure ICI46,747 which is now Tamoxifen, scientists expect that ICI46,747 can be used as a new contraceptives in humans. However, during the clinical trial, they found that the drug did not show the same effect in rats, but the drug can stimulate endometrial hyperplasia, and promote ovulation. Thus, clinically Tamoxifen was firstly used as ovulation drugs in anovulatory infertility patients, and still in use. For the current field of assisted reproductive technology treatment of ovarian hyperstimulation program, it also has a good effect on ovulation. Thus, Tamoxifen had both estrogen-like and anti-estrogenic effects, and showed different effects on different species and tissues. Figure 2 The structural formula of Tamoxifen. The above information is edited by the lookchem of Liu Yujie.

Uses

Different sources of media describe the Uses of 10540-29-1 differently. You can refer to the following data:
1. 1. Treatment for Women with metastatic breast cancer recurrence. 2. Used as adjuvant therapy after surgery for breast cancer metastasis, and relapse prevention. 3. For the treatment of ovarian cancer, endometrial cancer and endometriosis.
2. A nonsteroidal estrogen antagonist of interest in the treatment of some forms of breast cancer. Tamoxifen is a Protein Kinase C inhibitor, and induces apoptosis in human malignant glioma cell lines
3. Tamoxifen is a selective estrogen response modifier (SERM), protein kinase C inhibitor and anti-angiogenetic factor. Tamoxifen is a prodrug that is metabolized to active metabolites 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4-OHT) and endoxifen by cytochrome P450 isoforms CYP2D6 and CYP3A4. In breast cancer, the gene repressor activity of tamoxifen against ERBB2 is dependent upon PAX2. Blocks estradiol-stimulated VEGF production in breast tumor cells. Protein kinase C inhibitor. Induces apoptosis in human malignant glioma cell lines. Tamoxifen and its metabolite 4-hydroxytamoxifen are selective estrogen response mo difiers (SERMs) that act as estrogen antagonists in mammary gland. Blocks estradiol-stimulated VEGF production in breast tumor cells.
4. Tamoxifen has been used to facilitate the recombination of ect2flox allele in mouse organs91. It has also been used to study its effect on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced microglial activation92.

Pharmacokinetics

Different sources of media describe the Pharmacokinetics of 10540-29-1 differently. You can refer to the following data:
1. This product is easily absorbed orally, generally three hours after taking the drug concentration in the blood is up to the peak; because of enterohepatic circulation, the concentration of product is a more lasting in vivo; in the liver metabolism this product mainly excreted in the feces by biliary (58% to 100% ) rarely excreted in urine (only 2% to 21%); after the anima taking isotopically labeled this product, it is found that radioactivity is the highest in animal ovaries.After it is used for post-menopausal women, the concentration in endometrium is 2 times in plasma .
2. Circulating levels of the demethylated metabolite at steady state are up to twice the level of the parent drug, because the elimination half-life of N-demethyl tamoxifen is 14 days, compared with 7 days for tamoxifen. Tamoxifen demonstrates only weak estrogenic effects at several sites, including the endometrium and bone, and on the lipid profile. Tamoxifen undergoes rapid N-dem ethylation to its major metabolite, N-dem ethyltamoxifen, by CYP3A4 and via CYP2D6 to its minor metabolite, 4-hydroxytam oxifen. Evidence suggests that 4-hydroxytamoxifen is the active metabolite of tamoxifen, with a higher binding affinity than the parent drug for the ER

Side effects

Different sources of media describe the Side effects of 10540-29-1 differently. You can refer to the following data:
1. 1. Early treatment of bone cancer pain and may be a transient increase, continued treatment can be gradually reduced. 2. gastrointestinal reactions: loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea. 3. Reproductive system: menstrual disorders, amenorrhea, vaginal bleeding, genital itching, endometrial hyperplasia, endometrial polyps and endometrial cancer. 4. Skin: facial flushing, rash, hair loss. 5. Bone marrow: occasionally neutropenia and thrombocytopenia. 6. Liver function: occasionally abnormalities. 7. Eyes: using for long time (17 months or more) and large number (240~320mg per day), may appear retinal lesions or corneal opacity . 8. The rare and needed attention of side effects: insanity, pulmonary embolism (showing shortness of breath), thrombosis, weakness, drowsiness.
2. Tamoxifen administration is associated with few toxic side effects, most frequently hot flashes (in 10–20% of patients) and occasionally vaginal dryness or discharge. Mild nausea, exacerbation of bone pain, and hypercalcemia may occur.

Contraindications

1. It is contraindicated in patients who are allergic to this product. 2. It is contraindicated in patients with fundus diseases. 3. It is contraindicated in patients who have history of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism or are receiving anticoagulant therapy. 4. It is contraindicated in pregnant woman and nursing mothers.

Precautions

1. Abnormal liver function should be used with caution. If bone metastasis, patients are needed to regularly check blood calcium in the early treatment. 2.Pregnancy safety of this drug is classified as D class by FDA.

Drug interactions

Different sources of media describe the Drug interactions of 10540-29-1 differently. You can refer to the following data:
1. 1. The drug combines with fluorouracil, cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, vincristine and doxorubicin, etc. and can improve the effects. 2. The drug can increase the dopaminergic effect of bromocriptine mesylate. 3. The data show that the drug can prolong neuromuscular blockade of atracurium. 4. The drug can enhance the effect of anticoagulants, not combining with anticoagulants (such as warfarin, two coumarin anticoagulants). 5. Antacids and cimetidine, famotidine, ranitidine can change the pH of the stomach, making the drug enteric-coated tablets decomposed and showing a stimulating effect on the stomach, so when l in combination , these drugs should be interval of 1 to 2 hours. 6. Estrogen can affect the therapeutic effect of the drug, should not be combined. 7. The in vitro test results show that the drug may inhibit the metabolism of tacrolimus. 8.When in combination with mitomycin, the risk of hemolytic syndrome and hematuria increased. 9. The drug combines with triptolide which can lead to accelerate tumor growth in mice, so the combination should be cautious. 10. with allopurinol, the drug may increase liver toxicity. 11. The drug combines with other cytotoxic drugs, increasing the risk of thromboembolism.
2. Potentially hazardous interactions with other drugs Anticoagulants: effects of coumarins enhanced. Antidepressants: metabolism of tamoxifen to active metabolite possibly inhibited by fluoxetine and paroxetine - avoid. Antipsychotics: increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias with droperidol - avoid. Buproprion: metabolism of tamoxifen to active metabolite possibly inhibited - avoid. Cinacalcet: metabolism of tamoxifen to active metabolite possibly inhibited - avoid.

Description

In 1966, ICI Pharmaceuticals (now AstraZeneca) first synthesized tamoxifen in the hope of developing a morning-after contraceptive pill. The UK patent for this compound was in place in 1962, whereas the US patent was repeatedly denied until the 1980s. Tamoxifen was approved for a fertility treatment but it was not proven as useful in regulating human contraception. Even though there was a link between estrogen and breast cancer, developing a cancer treatment was not a priority at the time. In 1971, the first clinical study showed a convincing effect of tamoxifen in treating advanced breast cancer. From 1971 to 1977, this drug was neither clinically nor financially remarkable. In 1980s, however, publications first showed that tamoxifen, in addition to chemotherapy, improved survival for patients with early stage breast cancer. In 1998, the meta-analysis by the Oxford-based Early Breast Cancer Trialists’ Collaborative Group showed that tamoxifen did indeed save lives in early breast cancer. In 2001, tamoxifen sales were over $1.024 billion. Since the expiration of the patent in 2002, it is now widely available as a generic drug. By 2004, tamoxifen was the best selling hormonal drug for the treatment of breast cancer.

Chemical Properties

White Crystalline Solid

Originator

Nolvadex,I.C.I.,UK,1973

Indications

Different sources of media describe the Indications of 10540-29-1 differently. You can refer to the following data:
1. Tamoxifen (Nolvadex) is a synthetic antiestrogen used in the treatment of breast cancer. Normally, estrogens act by binding to a cytoplasmic protein receptor, and the resulting hormone–receptor complex is then translocated into the nucleus, where it induces the synthesis of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and messenger RNA (mRNA) at specific sites on the DNA of the target cell. Tamoxifen also avidly binds to estrogen receptors and competes with endogenous estrogens for these critical sites. The drug–receptor complex has little or no estrogen agonist activity.Tamoxifen directly inhibits growth of human breast cancer cells that contain estrogen receptors but has little effect on cells without such receptors.
2. Tamoxifen is a partial estrogen agonist in breast and thus is used as a treatment and chemopreventative for breast cancer. Tamoxifen is a full agonist in bone and endometrium, and prolonged use of tamoxifen leads to a fourfold to fivefold increase in the incidence of endometrial cancer. See Chapter 56 for a detailed discussion of the use of tamoxifen in breast cancer.

Manufacturing Process

To the Grignard reagent prepared from 0.59 part of magnesium, 3.95 parts of bromobenzene and 50 parts of ether there are added 7.5 parts of 4-(β- dimethylaminoethoxy)-α-ethyldesoxybenzoin in 50 parts of ether. After heating under reflux for 3 hours, the mixture is decomposed by the addition of a solution of 60 parts of ammonium chloride in 150 parts of water. The mixture is separated, and the ethereal layer is dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate, and the ether is evaporated. The residue is crystallized from methanol. There is thus obtained 1-(p-β-dimethylaminoethoxyphenyl)-1,2- diphenylbutan-1-ol, melting point 120°C to 121°C.2.15 parts of 1-(p-β-dimethylaminoethoxyphenyl)-1,2-diphenylbutan-1-ol, 25 parts of ethanol and 0.8 part of 10 N hydrochloric acid are heated together under reflux for 3 hours. The solution is evaporated to dryness under reduced pressure and the residue is extracted with methylene chloride. The methylene chloride extract is decolorized with charcoal and then evaporated to dryness. The residue is dissolved in 100 parts of water, the solution is basified by the addition of sodium hydroxide solution, and the precipitated solid is extracted three times, each time with 50 parts of ether. The combined extracts are dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate and then evaporated. The residue is crystallized from aqueous methanol, and there is thus obtained 1-(p-β- dimethylaminoethoxyphenyl)-1,2-diphenylbut-1-ene, melting point 95°C to 96°C.

Brand name

Nolvadex (AstraZeneca); Soltamox (Savient).

Therapeutic Function

Antiestrogen, Antineoplastic

World Health Organization (WHO)

Tamoxifen is an anti-estrogen agent used mainly to treat breast cancer. Tamoxifen is listed in the WHO Model List of Essential Drugs.

General Description

Tamoxifen is a selective estrogen response modifier (SERM), protein kinase C inhibitor and anti-angiogenetic factor. Tamoxifen is a prodrug that is metabolized to active metabolites 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4-OHT) and endoxifen by cytochrome P450 isoforms CYP2D6 and CYP3A4. In breast cancer, the gene repressor activity of tamoxifen against ERBB2 is dependent upon PAX2. Blocks estradiol-stimulated VEGF production in breast tumor cells.

Biochem/physiol Actions

Protein kinase C inhibitor. Induces apoptosis in human malignant glioma cell lines. Tamoxifen and its metabolite 4-hydroxytamoxifen are selective estrogen response modifiers (SERMs) that act as estrogen antagonists in mammary gland. Blocks estradiol-stimulated VEGF production in breast tumor cells.

Mechanism of action

Tamoxifen is slowly absorbed, and maximum serum levels are achieved 4 to 7 hours after oral administration. The drug is concentrated in estrogen target tissues, such as the ovaries, uterus, vaginal epithelium, and breasts. Hydroxylation and glucuronidation of the aromatic rings are the major pathways of metabolism; excretion occurs primarily in the feces.

Clinical Use

Tamoxifen is a SERM that is used as an antiestrogen in the treatment of estrogen-dependent breas Tcancer following prim ary treatment (c hemotherapy and/or surgery).

Safety Profile

Confirmed human carcinogen. Moderately toxic by ingestion and intraperitoneal routes. Human systemic effects by an unspecified route: nausea or vomiting, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and skin changes. An experimental teratogen. Other experimental reproductive effects. Human mutation data reported. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NOx.

Synthesis

Tamoxifen, (Z)-2-[p-(1,2-diphenyl-1-butenyl)phenoxy]N,N-dimethylethylamine (28.2.8), is synthesized from α-ethyldezoxybenzoin. Interaction of this with 4- methoxyphenylmagnesium bromide gives the corresponding carbinol (28.2.5). Its dehydration in acidic conditions gives a derivative of stilbene (28.2.6), and further heating of which with quinidine hydrochloride as a demethylating agent gives 2-[p-(1,2-diphenyl- 1-butenyl)phenol] (28.2.7). The phenolic hydroxyl is further alkylated by dimethylaminoethylchoride using sodium ethoxide as a base, which forms a mixture of E and Z isomers of the final product. The desired Z isomer, tamoxifen (28.2.8) is isolated by fractional crystallization from petroleum ester.

in vitro

ic50s for growth inhibition ranged from 5.5–10 μm, and were not affected by estrogen. tamoxifen-mediated growth inhibition was not associated with induction of tgf-β. however, tamoxifen treatment was associated with inhibition of pkc, which was followed by induction of p21waf1/cip1, rb dephosphorylation, and g1/s phase cell cycle arrest [1].

in vivo

the tumor cell kinetics of mcf-7 human breast carcinoma xenografts grown in nude mice can be significantly altered by hormonal manipu lation. tamoxifen treatment or e2 deprivation resulted in an approximate doubling of the tpol and an approximately 40% reduction in labeling index as compared to e2-stimulated tumors. an increase in cell loss rate was calculated for both tamoxifen treatment and e2 deprivation [2].

IC 50

5.5–10 μm

Carcinogenicity

Tamoxifen is known to be a human carcinogen based on sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity from studies in humans.

Metabolism

Tamoxifen is extensively metabolised by cytochrome P450 isoenzymes, to active metabolites that include N-desmethyltamoxifen, 4-hydroxytamoxifen, and 4-hydroxy-N-desmethyltamoxifen (endoxifen). Metabolism is by hydroxylation, demethylation and conjugation. In-vitro studies suggest that both N-desmethyltamoxifen and 4-hydroxytamoxifen are further metabolised to endoxifen. Elimination occurs, chiefly as conjugates with practically no unchanged drug, principally through the faeces and to a lesser extent through the kidneys.

references

[1] rohlff c, blagosklonny mv, kyle e, kesari a, kim iy, zelner dj, hakim f, trepel j, bergan rc. prostate cancer cell growth inhibition by tamoxifen is associated with inhibition of protein kinase c and induction of p21(waf1/cip1). prostate. 1998 sep 15;37(1):51-9.[2] jann n. sarkaria, david f. c. gibson, v. craig jordan, john f. fowler, mary j. lindstrom, andr. timothy mulcahy. tamoxifen-induced increase in the potential doubling time of mcf-7 xenografts as determined by bromodeoxyuridine labeling and flow cytometry. cancer research 5.1. 4413-1417, september 15, 1993.[3] osborne ck. tamoxifen in the treatment of breast cancer. n engl j med. 1998 nov 26;339(22):1609-18.

InChI:InChI=1/C26H29NO/c1-4-25(21-11-7-5-8-12-21)26(22-13-9-6-10-14-22)23-15-17-24(18-16-23)28-20-19-27(2)3/h5-18H,4,19-20H2,1-3H3/b26-25+

Synthetic route

(Z)-1-<4-(2-chloroethoxy)phenyl>-1,2-diphenyl-1-butene (97818-83-2) + dimethyl amine (124-40-3) → tamoxifen (10540-29-1)

Conditions	Yield
In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 65℃; for 12h; Inert atmosphere;	99%
In ethanol at 80℃; for 16h;	93%
In ethanol at 75℃; for 72h;	85 mg

2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethanol (108-01-0) + (Z)-(1-(4-iodophenyl)but-1-ene-1,2-diyl)dibenzene → tamoxifen (10540-29-1)

Conditions	Yield
With copper(l) iodide; potassium carbonate at 110℃; for 53h; Inert atmosphere;	96%

1-phenyl-1-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-phenylbut-1-ene (69967-80-2) + (2-chloroethyl)dimethylamine hydrochloride (4584-46-7) → tamoxifen (10540-29-1)

Conditions	Yield
With potassium carbonate In ethanol; toluene at 80 - 85℃; for 3h; Inert atmosphere;	93%
With sodium ethanolate In ethanol for 24h; Heating;	60%
With sodium hydride 1.) DMF, 2.) 50 deg C; Yield given. Multistep reaction;

iodobenzene (591-50-4) + (E)-N,N-dimethyl-2-(4-(1-phenyl-2-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)but-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethanamine (1421712-14-2) → tamoxifen (10540-29-1)

Conditions	Yield
With tri-tert-butyl phosphine; potassium hydroxide; bis(dibenzylideneacetone)-palladium(0) In tetrahydrofuran; water at 60℃; for 24h; Suzuki-Miyaura Coupling; regioselective reaction;	93%

(Z)-N-((8-cyano-7-hydroxyquinolin-2-yl)methyl)-2-(4-(1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)-N,N-dimethylethan-1-aminium methanesulfonate → tamoxifen (10540-29-1) + C11H7N2O2(1-)

Conditions	Yield
In ethanol pH=7.2; UV-irradiation;	A 91% B n/a

(Z)-2-(4-(1,2-diphenylbuta-1,3-dien-1-yl)phenoxy)-N,N-dimethylethanamine (604010-60-8) → tamoxifen (10540-29-1)

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogen; palladium on activated charcoal In ethyl acetate for 2h; atmospheric pressure;	85%
With hydrogen; palladium on activated charcoal

2-(4-(1,2-diphenylbuta-1,3-dien-1-yl)phenoxy)-N,N-dimethylethanamine → tamoxifen (10540-29-1)

Conditions	Yield
With palladium on activated charcoal; hydrogen In ethyl acetate at 22℃; for 2h;	85%

(E)-1,2-diphenyl-1-butene boronic acid (918793-63-2) + [2-(4-iodophenoxy)ethyl]dimethylamine (93790-54-6) → 1,2-diphenyl-butan-1-one (16282-16-9) + tamoxifen (10540-29-1)

Conditions	Yield
With sodium carbonate; tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium(0) In 1,2-dimethoxyethane; water for 18h; Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling; Heating;	A n/a B 73%

(Z)-1-iodo-1,2-diphenyl-1-butene (113619-15-1) + (4-(2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy)phenyl)boronic acid (194594-60-0) → tamoxifen (10540-29-1)

Conditions	Yield
With sodium carbonate; tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium(0) In 1,2-dimethoxyethane; water Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling; Heating;	73%

(E)-1-(4-dimethylaminoethoxyphenyl)-1,2-diphenyl-2-(4-tolyl)thioethene (1148025-82-4) + ethylmagnesium chloride (2386-64-3) → tamoxifen (10540-29-1)

Conditions	Yield
With Ni(1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane)Cl2 In diethyl ether for 15h; Inert atmosphere; Reflux;	73%

trans-(E)-1-bromo-2-<4-<2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy>phenyl>-1,2-diphenylethene (19118-19-5) + ethyllithium (811-49-4) → tamoxifen (10540-29-1)

Conditions	Yield
In tetrahydrofuran; diethyl ether at -78 - 20℃; for 6h;	72%

(E)-1-(4',4',5',5'-tetramethyl-1',3',2'-dioxaborolan-2'-yl)-1,2-diphenyl-1-butene (865999-25-3) + [2-(4-iodophenoxy)ethyl]dimethylamine (93790-54-6) → tamoxifen (10540-29-1)

Conditions	Yield
With sodium hydroxide; tri-tert-butyl phosphine; bis(dibenzylideneacetone)-palladium(0) In tetrahydrofuran; hexane at 60℃; for 48h;	70%
With sodium hydroxide; bis(tri-t-butylphosphine)palladium(0) In tetrahydrofuran at 60℃; for 24h;	59%

(E)-1,2-diphenyl-1-butene boronic acid (918793-63-2) + [2-(4-bromophenoxy)ethyl]dimethylamine (2474-07-9) → 1,2-diphenyl-butan-1-one (16282-16-9) + tamoxifen (10540-29-1) + (E)-tamoxifen (13002-65-8)

Conditions	Yield
With sodium carbonate; tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium(0) In 1,2-dimethoxyethane; water Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling; Heating;	A n/a B 65% C n/a

2-(1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane + [2-(4-iodophenoxy)ethyl]dimethylamine (93790-54-6) → tamoxifen (10540-29-1)

Conditions	Yield
With bis(tri-t-butylphosphine)palladium(0); sodium hydroxide In tetrahydrofuran at 60℃; for 24h; Schlenk technique; Inert atmosphere; stereoselective reaction;	65%

[2-(4-bromophenoxy)ethyl]dimethylamine (2474-07-9) + (E)-but-1-ene-1,2-diyldibenzene (20218-41-1) → tamoxifen (10540-29-1)

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: (E)-but-1-ene-1,2-diyldibenzene With palladium diacetate; sodium carbonate; triphenylphosphine In 1,2-dimethoxyethane at 25℃; for 0.166667h; Heck Reaction; Stage #2: [2-(4-bromophenoxy)ethyl]dimethylamine In 1,2-dimethoxyethane for 5h; Heck Reaction; Reflux;	65%

(Z)-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl dimethylcarbamate + (4-(2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy)phenyl)magnesium bromide (35258-27-6) → tamoxifen (10540-29-1)

Conditions	Yield
With N,N'-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene hydrochloride; palladium diacetate In tetrahydrofuran at 50℃; for 24h; Schlenk technique; Inert atmosphere; Sealed tube; stereoselective reaction;	62%

[2-(4-iodophenoxy)ethyl]dimethylamine (93790-54-6) + 1-trimethylstannyl-1,2-diphenylbutene → tamoxifen (10540-29-1)

Conditions	Yield
With 1-methyl-pyrrolidin-2-one; tris-(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0); copper(l) iodide; triphenyl-arsane; lithium chloride at 45℃; for 48h;	52%

(E)-tamoxifen (13002-65-8) → tamoxifen (10540-29-1)

Conditions	Yield
With trifluorormethanesulfonic acid In dichloromethane at 0℃; for 3h;	51%
With trifluorormethanesulfonic acid In dichloromethane at 0℃; for 3h;	51%
With pyridine; bromine In diethyl ether; dichloromethane for 2h; Ambient temperature; Irradiation; Yield given;

2-(dimethylamino)ethyl chloride (107-99-3) → tamoxifen (10540-29-1) + (E)-tamoxifen (13002-65-8)

Conditions	Yield
In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 50℃; for 0.5h;	A 51% B 44%
With sodium hydride In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 50℃; for 0.5h;

4-(4-[2-dimethylaminoethoxy]phenyl)-3,4-diphenylbut-1-ene → tamoxifen (10540-29-1) + (E)-tamoxifen (13002-65-8)

Conditions	Yield
With potassium tert-butylate In dimethyl sulfoxide at 20℃; for 1h;	A 39% B 37%

(1-phenylpropyl)phosphonic acid di-o-tolyl ester (872254-52-9) + (4-(2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy)phenyl)(phenyl)methanone (51777-15-2) → tamoxifen (10540-29-1) + (E)-tamoxifen (13002-65-8)

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: (1-phenylpropyl)phosphonic acid di-o-tolyl ester With n-butyllithium In tetrahydrofuran; hexane at -78℃; for 1h; Stage #2: (4-(2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy)phenyl)(phenyl)methanone In tetrahydrofuran; hexane at -78℃; for 48h; Horner reaction;	A 28% B 12%

carbon dioxide (124-38-9) + {2-[4-((Z)-1,2-Diphenyl-but-1-enyl)-phenoxy]-ethyl}-methyl-trimethylsilanyl-amine → tamoxifen (10540-29-1)

Conditions	Yield
With lithium aluminium tetrahydride 1.) THF, -45 deg C - 60 deg C, 2.) 60 deg C, 10 min; Yield given. Multistep reaction;

ICI 77949 (69967-79-9) + (2-chloroethyl)dimethylamine hydrochloride (4584-46-7) → tamoxifen (10540-29-1) + (E)-tamoxifen (13002-65-8)

Conditions	Yield
With sodium methylate; hydrogen cation Yield given. Multistep reaction. Yields of byproduct given. Title compound not separated from byproducts;

(1S,2R)-1-[4-(2-Dimethylamino-ethoxy)-phenyl]-1,2-diphenyl-butan-1-ol (748-97-0, 77542-06-4, 77542-07-5, 81992-83-8, 111914-74-0) → tamoxifen (10540-29-1) + (E)-tamoxifen (13002-65-8)

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogenchloride In ethanol for 0.333333h; Heating; Yield given;

trans-4-Bromotamoxifen (116057-69-3) → tamoxifen (10540-29-1)

Conditions	Yield
With water; tert.-butyl lithium 1) THF, -75 deg C; Multistep reaction;

1-(4-(2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy)phenyl)-1,2-diphenylbutan-1-ol (748-97-0) → tamoxifen (10540-29-1)

Conditions	Yield
With sulfuric acid at 50℃; for 16h; Yield given;

(Z)-1-iodo-1,2-diphenyl-1-butene (113619-15-1) + C10H14BrNOZn → tamoxifen (10540-29-1)

Conditions	Yield
With triphenylphosphine; bis(dibenzylideneacetone)-palladium(0) In tetrahydrofuran at 55℃; for 10h; Yield given;

ethyl bromide (74-96-4) + tamoxifen (10540-29-1) → Tamoxifen ethyl bromide

Conditions	Yield
at 20℃; for 5h;	99.1%
In acetone Heating;

tamoxifen (10540-29-1) → [14C]-Tamoxifen N-oxide (75504-34-6)

Conditions	Yield
With dihydrogen peroxide In methanol; water at 20℃; for 10h; Darkness;	97%
With 3-chloro-benzenecarboperoxoic acid In dichloromethane at 0℃; for 1h;	79%
With dihydrogen peroxide In methanol at 50 - 60℃; for 3h;	43%
With dihydrogen peroxide In methanol at 20℃; for 48h;
In aq. phosphate buffer at 25℃; pH=7.4; Kinetics; Catalytic behavior; Concentration; Electrochemical reaction;

tamoxifen (10540-29-1) → (Z)-N-desmethyltamoxifen hydrochloride

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: tamoxifen With carbonochloridic acid 1-chloro-ethyl ester In dichloromethane at 0 - 50℃; for 24h; Stage #2: With methanol In toluene at 70℃; for 3h;	95%
With carbonochloridic acid 1-chloro-ethyl ester In dichloromethane at 0℃; Inert atmosphere; Reflux;	91%
Stage #1: tamoxifen With carbonochloridic acid 1-chloro-ethyl ester In toluene at 0℃; for 0.25h; Stage #2: In toluene for 19h; Reflux;	50%
With Vinyl chloroformate

tamoxifen (10540-29-1) + methyl iodide (74-88-4) → Tamoxifen methiodide (107256-99-5)

Conditions	Yield
at 0℃; for 0.166667h;	94.9%
In acetone at 50℃; for 48h; Inert atmosphere;	87%

1-bromo-butane (109-65-9) + tamoxifen (10540-29-1) → Tamoxifen butyl bromide

Conditions	Yield
at 20℃; for 5h;	94.8%
In acetone Heating;

tamoxifen (10540-29-1) → N-demethyltamoxifen (31750-47-7, 31750-48-8)

Conditions	Yield
With carbonochloridic acid 1-chloro-ethyl ester In 1,2-dichloro-ethane for 27.15h; Reflux;	91%
Stage #1: tamoxifen With 2-Chloroethyl chloroformate In 1,2-dichloro-ethane at 0℃; for 24h; Reflux; Stage #2: In methanol for 3h; Reflux;	91%
With carbonochloridic acid 1-chloro-ethyl ester In 1,2-dichloro-ethane at 0 - 70℃;	91%

tamoxifen (10540-29-1) + propyl bromide (106-94-5) → Br(1-)*C29H36NO(1+) (1245538-92-4)

Conditions	Yield
at 20℃; for 5h;	90.1%

tamoxifen (10540-29-1) + (8-cyano-7-hydroxyquinolin-2-yl)methyl methanesulfonate → (Z)-N-((8-cyano-7-hydroxyquinolin-2-yl)methyl)-2-(4-(1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)-N,N-dimethylethan-1-aminium methanesulfonate

Conditions	Yield
In acetonitrile for 5h; Reflux;	70%

6-bromohexanoic acid (4224-70-8) + tamoxifen (10540-29-1) → (Z)-6-((2-(4-(1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethyl)dimethylammonio)hexanoic acid

Conditions	Yield
In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 77℃; for 72h;	70%

tamoxifen (10540-29-1) + 2-(chloromethyl)-7-hydroxyquinoline-8-carbonitrile → (Z)-N-((8-cyano-7-hydroxyquinolin-2-yl)methyl)-2-(4-(1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)-N,N-dimethylethanaminium chloride

Conditions	Yield
In acetonitrile for 5h; Reflux;	65%

Upstream product

• 93790-54-6 [2-(4-iodophenoxy)ethyl]dimethylamine 
• 622-76-4 1-phenyl-1-butyne 
• 591-51-5 phenyllithium 
• 501-65-5 diphenyl acetylene 
• 19076-79-0 (E/Z)-1-Bromo-2-[4-[2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy]phenyl]-1,2-diphenylethene 
• 97151-10-5 cis-1,2-diphenyl-1-<4-(2-dimethylaminoethoxy)phenyl>ethylene 
• 19118-19-5 trans-(E)-1-bromo-2-<4-<2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy>phenyl>-1,2-diphenylethene 
• 811-49-4 ethyllithium 
• 108-86-1 bromobenzene 
• 1619921-75-3 C₁₉H₂₀NO₃^(1-)*Cs⁽¹⁺⁾ 
• 98-80-6 phenylboronic acid 
• 35258-27-6 {4-[2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy]phenyl}magnesium bromide 
• 68684-63-9 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,2-diphenylbut-1-ene 
• 650624-48-9 4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3,4-diphenylbut-1-ene 

Downstream Products

• 13002-65-8 (E)-tamoxifen 
• 76070-10-5 iodotamoxifen 
• 109640-20-2 rel-(1R,2R)-1-<4-<2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy>phenyl>-1,2-diphenylbutane 
• 75504-34-6 [14C]-Tamoxifen N-oxide 
• 15917-65-4 (Z)-N-desmethyltamoxifen hydrochloride 
• 794450-92-3 tamoxifen-N-glucuronide 

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NOVEL TRIBORYLALKENE, PRODUCTION METHOD THEREOF, AND PRODUCTION METHOD OF MULTISUBSTITUTED ALKENE

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a compound as a synthetic intermediate for a tetraarylalkene useful as medicaments and electronic materials. SOLUTION: The invention provides a triborylalkene represented by the general formula (I) in the figure, where Ra represents an optionally substituted aryl group. SELECTED DRAWING: None COPYRIGHT: (C)2020,JPOandINPIT