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108-45-2

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108-45-2 Usage

Chemical Properties

Different sources of media describe the Chemical Properties of 108-45-2 differently. You can refer to the following data:
1. Grey crystal granule
2. m-Phenylenediamine is a colorless to white crystalline substance that turns red upon exposure to air

Uses

Different sources of media describe the Uses of 108-45-2 differently. You can refer to the following data:
1. 1,3-Phenylenediamine is used in the foaming-type hair dye composition.
2. The appearance of the high purity of the m-phenylenediamine is snow white flake solid used as a synthetic electronic grade polyimide material and epoxy resin curing agent.
3. m-Phenylenediamine is used in the foaming-type hair dye composition. It is used as a synthetic electronic grade polyimide material and epoxy resin curing agent. It is used also block polymers, textile fibers, urethanes, petroleum additives, rubber chemicals, in corrosion inhibitors, in photography, as reagent for gold & bromine.

Synthesis Reference(s)

Journal of the American Chemical Society, 102, p. 6182, 1980 DOI: 10.1021/ja00539a054The Journal of Organic Chemistry, 37, p. 930, 1972 DOI: 10.1021/jo00972a002

General Description

Colorless or white colored needles that turn red or purple in air. Melting point 64-66 C. Density 1.14 g / cm3. Flash point 280 F. May irritate skin and eyes. Toxic by skin absorption, inhalation or ingestion. Used in aramid fiber manufacture, as a polymer additive, dye manufacturing, as a laboratory reagent, and in photography.

Air & Water Reactions

Soluble in water [Merck].

Reactivity Profile

m-Phenylenediamine an aromatic amine, neutralizes acids, acid chlorides, acid anhydrides and chloroformates in exothermic reactions to form salts. May be incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated organics, peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, and acid halides. Incompatible with oxidizing agents .

Fire Hazard

m-Phenylenediamine is combustible. Dust may form explosive mixtures in air

Flammability and Explosibility

Nonflammable

Safety Profile

Suspected carcinogen with experimental tumorigenic and teratogenic data. Poison by ingestion, intravenous, subcutaneous, and intraperitoneal routes. Mildly toxic by skin contact. Mutation data reported. Combustible when exposed to heat or flame. A hair dye ingredtent. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NOx. See also other phenylenediamine entries and AMINES.

Potential Exposure

Used in making various dyes; as a curing agent for epoxy resin; rubber, textile fibers; urethanes, corrosion inhibitors; adhesives; in photographic and analytical procedures and processes.

Carcinogenicity

"Occupational exposure to m-PDA may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplace where m-PDA is produced or used. The general population may be exposed to m-PDA via dermal contact with consumer products containing this compound."An IARC Working Group concluded, on the basis of lack of human data and inadequate animal data, that m-PDA was not classifiable (Group 3) as to its carcinogenicity to humans.

Metabolic pathway

By the perfused rat liver, 1,3-diaminobenzene (MPD) is metabolized to three identified N-acetylated derivatives N-acetyl-1,3-diaminobenzene, N,N'- diacetyl-1,3-diaminobenzene, and N,N'-diacetyl-2,4- diaminophenol which are identical to the metabolites excreted in rat urine.

Purification Methods

Purify the diamine by distillation under a vacuum followed by recrystallisation from EtOH (rhombs) and if necessary redistillation. It should be protected from light; otherwise it darkens rapidly. [Neilson et al. J Chem Soc 371 1962, IR: Katritzky & Jones J Chem Soc 3674, 2058 1959, UV: Forbes & Leckie Can J Chem 36 1371 1958.] The hydrochloride has m 277-278o, and the bis-4-chlorobenzenesulfonyl derivative has m 220-221o from H2O (214-215o, from MeOH/H2O) [Runge & Pfeiffer Chem Ber 90 1737 1957]. The acetate has m 191o. [Beilstein 13 IV 79.]

Incompatibilities

Dust may form explosive mixture with air. Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides, acid chlorides; acid anhydrides; chloroformates. Heat and light contribute to instability. Keep away from metals.

Waste Disposal

Controlled incineration whereby oxides of nitrogen are removed from the effluent gas by scrubber, catalytic or thermal device.

Check Digit Verification of cas no

The CAS Registry Mumber 108-45-2 includes 6 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 3 digits, 1,0 and 8 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 4 and 5 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 108-45:
(5*1)+(4*0)+(3*8)+(2*4)+(1*5)=42
42 % 10 = 2
So 108-45-2 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/C6H8N2/c7-5-2-1-3-6(8)4-5/h1-4H,7-8H2

108-45-2 Well-known Company Product Price

  • Brand
  • (Code)Product description
  • CAS number
  • Packaging
  • Price
  • Detail
  • TCI America

  • (P1892)  1,3-Phenylenediamine  >98.0%(GC)(T)

  • 108-45-2

  • 25g

  • 135.00CNY

  • Detail
  • TCI America

  • (P1892)  1,3-Phenylenediamine  >98.0%(GC)(T)

  • 108-45-2

  • 500g

  • 490.00CNY

  • Detail
  • TCI America

  • (P1911)  1,3-Phenylenediamine  >98.0%(GC)(T)

  • 108-45-2

  • 25g

  • 290.00CNY

  • Detail
  • TCI America

  • (P1911)  1,3-Phenylenediamine  >98.0%(GC)(T)

  • 108-45-2

  • 250g

  • 1,490.00CNY

  • Detail
  • Alfa Aesar

  • (A15339)  m-Phenylenediamine, 98%   

  • 108-45-2

  • 250g

  • 276.0CNY

  • Detail
  • Alfa Aesar

  • (A15339)  m-Phenylenediamine, 98%   

  • 108-45-2

  • 1000g

  • 768.0CNY

  • Detail
  • Alfa Aesar

  • (A15339)  m-Phenylenediamine, 98%   

  • 108-45-2

  • 5000g

  • 2572.0CNY

  • Detail
  • Aldrich

  • (P23954)  m-Phenylenediamine  flakes, 99%

  • 108-45-2

  • P23954-5G

  • 307.71CNY

  • Detail
  • Aldrich

  • (P23954)  m-Phenylenediamine  flakes, 99%

  • 108-45-2

  • P23954-25G

  • 325.26CNY

  • Detail
  • Aldrich

  • (P23954)  m-Phenylenediamine  flakes, 99%

  • 108-45-2

  • P23954-100G

  • 326.43CNY

  • Detail
  • Aldrich

  • (P23954)  m-Phenylenediamine  flakes, 99%

  • 108-45-2

  • P23954-500G

  • 460.98CNY

  • Detail
  • Aldrich

  • (P23954)  m-Phenylenediamine  flakes, 99%

  • 108-45-2

  • P23954-1KG

  • 714.87CNY

  • Detail

108-45-2SDS

SAFETY DATA SHEETS

According to Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) - Sixth revised edition

Version: 1.0

Creation Date: Aug 10, 2017

Revision Date: Aug 10, 2017

1.Identification

1.1 GHS Product identifier

Product name 1,3-phenylenediamine

1.2 Other means of identification

Product number -
Other names Benzene-1,3-diamine

1.3 Recommended use of the chemical and restrictions on use

Identified uses For industry use only. CBI,Dyes,Intermediates,Paint additives and coating additives not described by other categories,Processing aids, not otherwise listed
Uses advised against no data available

1.4 Supplier's details

1.5 Emergency phone number

Emergency phone number -
Service hours Monday to Friday, 9am-5pm (Standard time zone: UTC/GMT +8 hours).

More Details:108-45-2 SDS

108-45-2Synthetic route

meta-dinitrobenzene
99-65-0

meta-dinitrobenzene

m-phenylenediamine
108-45-2

m-phenylenediamine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With sodium tetrahydroborate In water at 20℃; for 1h;100%
With hydrogen; sodium fluoride In methanol at 39.84℃; for 2.17h;100%
With hydrogen In ethanol at 20℃; under 760.051 Torr; for 3h; chemoselective reaction;100%
3-nitro-aniline
99-09-2

3-nitro-aniline

m-phenylenediamine
108-45-2

m-phenylenediamine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With C37H23Cl2N7Pd2(2+)*2F6P(1-); hydrogen; sodium cyanoborohydride In methanol at 50℃; under 760.051 Torr; for 6h;100%
With potassium fluoride; polymethylhydrosiloxane; palladium diacetate In tetrahydrofuran; water at 20℃; for 0.5h;99%
With potassium fluoride; polymethylhydrosiloxane; palladium diacetate In tetrahydrofuran at 20℃; for 0.5h;99%
1,3-dibromobenzene
108-36-1

1,3-dibromobenzene

m-phenylenediamine
108-45-2

m-phenylenediamine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With C24H12Cu2F9N4O7; tetrabutylammomium bromide; ammonia; caesium carbonate In water at 110 - 140℃; for 16h;99%
With {(o-C6H4(NCHC6H4O)2)cobalt(II)}2; ammonia at 150℃; under 1500.15 Torr; for 10h; Autoclave; Inert atmosphere; Large scale;73%
With ammonia; water; copper(II) sulfate at 175 - 180℃;
1,3-Diiodobenzene
626-00-6

1,3-Diiodobenzene

m-phenylenediamine
108-45-2

m-phenylenediamine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With [Cu2(2,7-bis(pyridin-2-yl)-l,8-naphthyridine)(OH)(CF3COO)3]; tetrabutylammomium bromide; ammonia; caesium carbonate In water at 120℃; for 16h; Sealed tube; chemoselective reaction;99%
With copper(l) iodide; 1,2,4,5-tetramethylbenzene; ammonia at 20℃; for 15h; Reagent/catalyst;94%
isophthalamide
1740-57-4

isophthalamide

m-phenylenediamine
108-45-2

m-phenylenediamine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With sodium hypochlorite; water at -5 - 50℃; for 2h; Temperature; Inert atmosphere;97%
With sodium hypochlorite In water at -5 - 50℃; for 4h; Temperature; Hofmann Rearrangement; Inert atmosphere;84.2%
With sodium hypochlorite at 45℃; for 6h; Green chemistry;92 g
With sodium hypochlorite; potassium hydroxide at 0 - 80℃; Hofmann Rearrangement; Inert atmosphere;7.1 g
H2NC6H3(Cl)NO2
6283-25-6

H2NC6H3(Cl)NO2

m-phenylenediamine
108-45-2

m-phenylenediamine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With palladium 10% on activated carbon; hydrazine hydrate In methanol at 120℃; for 0.25h; Microwave irradiation;96%
1-bromo-3-chlorobenzene
108-37-2

1-bromo-3-chlorobenzene

m-phenylenediamine
108-45-2

m-phenylenediamine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With ammonium hydroxide In water at 20℃; for 9h; Green chemistry;96%
m-aminophenyl azide
14994-81-1

m-aminophenyl azide

m-phenylenediamine
108-45-2

m-phenylenediamine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With hydrazinium monoformate; zinc In methanol at 20℃; for 0.15h;95%
C8H6N2O4(2-)*2K(1+)

C8H6N2O4(2-)*2K(1+)

m-phenylenediamine
108-45-2

m-phenylenediamine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In water; acetonitrile at 110℃; for 2h;95%
3-bromoaniline
591-19-5

3-bromoaniline

m-phenylenediamine
108-45-2

m-phenylenediamine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With copper(I) oxide; ammonium hydroxide In 1-methyl-pyrrolidin-2-one at 80℃; for 24h;94%
With copper(l) iodide; tetra(n-butyl)ammonium hydroxide; ammonia In water at 80℃; for 48h; Inert atmosphere; Sealed tube; chemoselective reaction;75%
1,3-diacetylbenzene
6781-42-6

1,3-diacetylbenzene

m-phenylenediamine
108-45-2

m-phenylenediamine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Stage #1: 1,3-diacetylbenzene With hydroxylamine hydrochloride at 80℃; for 3h;
Stage #2: With hydrogenchloride In water at 100℃; for 2h; Temperature; Concentration;
92%
3-Iodoaniline
626-01-7

3-Iodoaniline

m-phenylenediamine
108-45-2

m-phenylenediamine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With potassium phosphate; copper(l) iodide; N-((1-oxy-pyridin-2-yl)methyl)oxalamic acid; ammonia In water; dimethyl sulfoxide at 25℃; Schlenk technique; Inert atmosphere; Sealed tube; chemoselective reaction;91%
Stage #1: 3-Iodoaniline With copper(l) iodide; L-valine; caesium carbonate In dimethyl sulfoxide at 90℃; for 24h; Inert atmosphere;
Stage #2: With oxygen In dimethyl sulfoxide at 90℃; for 24h;
Stage #3: With hydrogenchloride In dichloromethane; water; dimethyl sulfoxide at 20℃; for 0.333333h; pH=1;
28%
meta-dinitrobenzene
99-65-0

meta-dinitrobenzene

A

m-phenylenediamine
108-45-2

m-phenylenediamine

B

3-nitro-aniline
99-09-2

3-nitro-aniline

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With hydrogen; PdCl2-anthranilic acid catalyst In ethanol at 60℃; under 77572.2 Torr; for 1h;A 90%
B 1%
With hydrogen; trans-Pdpy2Cl2 In ethanol at 30℃; for 6h;A 90%
B 4.5%
With hydrogen In methanesulfonic acid at 150℃; under 22502.3 Torr; for 1h; Autoclave;A 25%
B 75%
3-Aminophenylboronic acid
30418-59-8

3-Aminophenylboronic acid

m-phenylenediamine
108-45-2

m-phenylenediamine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With sodium hydroxide; hydroxylamine-O-sulfonic acid In acetonitrile at 20℃; for 16h;90%
With copper(I) oxide; ammonium hydroxide; air In methanol at 20℃; for 12h;89%
3-(1-hydroxyethyl)aniline
2454-37-7

3-(1-hydroxyethyl)aniline

m-phenylenediamine
108-45-2

m-phenylenediamine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With sodium azide; trifluoroacetic acid In hexane at 40℃; for 4h; Sealed tube;87%
With sodium azide; methanesulfonic acid; trifluoroacetic acid In hexane at 40℃; for 12h;87%
1,3-Dichlorobenzene
541-73-1

1,3-Dichlorobenzene

m-phenylenediamine
108-45-2

m-phenylenediamine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With ammonia; 0.8Ni*0.2Cu*C20H16N2O2 at 160℃; under 1500.15 Torr; for 11h; Reagent/catalyst; Autoclave; Inert atmosphere;84%
With ammonium hydroxide; potassium phosphate; Cu0.18Bi0.88O0.88I1.06 In ethanol; water at 80℃; for 20h; Inert atmosphere; Green chemistry;98 %Chromat.
2,6-dinitrotoluene
606-20-2

2,6-dinitrotoluene

A

4-methylbenzene-1,3-diamine
95-80-7

4-methylbenzene-1,3-diamine

B

m-phenylenediamine
108-45-2

m-phenylenediamine

C

diaminoxylene

diaminoxylene

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With carbon monoxide; hydrogen sulfide; iron(III) oxide at 325℃; for 1.05h; Product distribution; Mechanism; var. time;A 80.2%
B 4.5%
C n/a
3-nitrophenyl azide
1516-59-2

3-nitrophenyl azide

m-phenylenediamine
108-45-2

m-phenylenediamine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With hydrogenchloride; indium In tetrahydrofuran at 20℃; for 8h;76%
3-nitro-aniline
99-09-2

3-nitro-aniline

A

3,3'-diaminoazobenzene
21371-44-8, 140661-36-5

3,3'-diaminoazobenzene

B

m-phenylenediamine
108-45-2

m-phenylenediamine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With ethylenediamine at 150℃;A 24%
B 75%
2,4-dinitrotoluene
121-14-2

2,4-dinitrotoluene

A

4-methylbenzene-1,3-diamine
95-80-7

4-methylbenzene-1,3-diamine

B

4,6-dimethyl-1,3-benzenediamine
3134-10-9

4,6-dimethyl-1,3-benzenediamine

C

m-phenylenediamine
108-45-2

m-phenylenediamine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With carbon monoxide; hydrogen sulfide; iron(III) oxide at 325℃; for 1.73333h; Product distribution; Mechanism; var. time, further catalyst: 5percent Co on γ-Al2O3;A 61%
B 29.6%
C 9.3%
3-(prop-1-en-2-yl)aniline
23809-98-5

3-(prop-1-en-2-yl)aniline

m-phenylenediamine
108-45-2

m-phenylenediamine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Stage #1: 3-(prop-1-en-2-yl)aniline With sodium azide; trifluoroacetic acid In hexane; water at 20 - 40℃; for 4h;
Stage #2: With sodium hydroxide In water at 0℃; for 0.333333h; Reagent/catalyst;
55%
ammonium hydroxide
1336-21-6

ammonium hydroxide

3-chloro-aniline
108-42-9

3-chloro-aniline

m-phenylenediamine
108-45-2

m-phenylenediamine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With copper(l) iodide In water at 200℃; for 2h; Autoclave;54%
aniline
62-53-3

aniline

m-phenylenediamine
108-45-2

m-phenylenediamine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With titanium; sulfuric acid; hydroxylamine Mechanism; other aromatic compounds electrochemical amination, dropping mercury electrode; var. solvents;0.1%
2,4-dinitrobromobenzene
584-48-5

2,4-dinitrobromobenzene

m-phenylenediamine
108-45-2

m-phenylenediamine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With hydrogenchloride; tin
1-chloro-3,5-dinitrobenzene
618-86-0

1-chloro-3,5-dinitrobenzene

m-phenylenediamine
108-45-2

m-phenylenediamine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With methanol; sodium hydroxide; nickel Hydrogenation;
With sodium hydroxide; nickel; isopropyl alcohol Hydrogenation;
3.5-diaminobenzoic acid
535-87-5

3.5-diaminobenzoic acid

m-phenylenediamine
108-45-2

m-phenylenediamine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With barytes bei Destillation;
2,6-dinitrobenzoic acid
603-12-3

2,6-dinitrobenzoic acid

m-phenylenediamine
108-45-2

m-phenylenediamine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With hydrogenchloride; tin
2,4,6-tribromo-1,3-dinitrobenzene
51686-79-4

2,4,6-tribromo-1,3-dinitrobenzene

m-phenylenediamine
108-45-2

m-phenylenediamine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With hydrogenchloride; tin
2,4,6-tribromo-1,3-dinitrobenzene
51686-79-4

2,4,6-tribromo-1,3-dinitrobenzene

A

2,4,6-tribromo-1,3-phenylenediamine
62477-06-9

2,4,6-tribromo-1,3-phenylenediamine

B

m-phenylenediamine
108-45-2

m-phenylenediamine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With acetic acid; zinc
carbon disulfide
75-15-0

carbon disulfide

2-[2-(vinyloxy)ethoxymethyl]oxirane
16801-19-7

2-[2-(vinyloxy)ethoxymethyl]oxirane

m-phenylenediamine
108-45-2

m-phenylenediamine

1,3-di<9-vinyloxy-5-hydroxy-2-thioxo-7-oxa-3-thia-1-azanonyl>benzene
116942-61-1

1,3-di<9-vinyloxy-5-hydroxy-2-thioxo-7-oxa-3-thia-1-azanonyl>benzene

Conditions
ConditionsYield
for 6h; Ambient temperature;100%
bis(diphenylphosphinothioyl)disulfide
6079-77-2

bis(diphenylphosphinothioyl)disulfide

m-phenylenediamine
108-45-2

m-phenylenediamine

A

2,4-diaminophanyl diphenylphosphinodithioate

2,4-diaminophanyl diphenylphosphinodithioate

B

m-phenyleneamine salt of diphenylphosphinodithioic acid

m-phenyleneamine salt of diphenylphosphinodithioic acid

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In benzene Heating;A 92.3%
B 100%
2-(vinyloxy)ethyl isothiocyanate
59565-09-2

2-(vinyloxy)ethyl isothiocyanate

m-phenylenediamine
108-45-2

m-phenylenediamine

1-(2-Vinyloxy-ethyl)-3-{3-[3-(2-vinyloxy-ethyl)-thioureido]-phenyl}-thiourea
140476-03-5

1-(2-Vinyloxy-ethyl)-3-{3-[3-(2-vinyloxy-ethyl)-thioureido]-phenyl}-thiourea

Conditions
ConditionsYield
for 0.0833333h;100%
m-phenylenediamine
108-45-2

m-phenylenediamine

4-methoxy-aniline
104-94-9

4-methoxy-aniline

(E)-4-(2-(4-methoxyphenyl)diazenyl)benzene-1,3-diamine
20311-41-5

(E)-4-(2-(4-methoxyphenyl)diazenyl)benzene-1,3-diamine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Stage #1: 4-methoxy-aniline With hydrogenchloride; sodium nitrite In water at 0℃; for 0.666667h;
Stage #2: m-phenylenediamine With hydrogenchloride In water at 0℃; for 0.5h;
100%
With hydrogenchloride; sodium nitrite 1. H2O, 0 deg C; 2. 0 deg C, 2 h; Yield given. Multistep reaction;
m-phenylenediamine
108-45-2

m-phenylenediamine

aniline
62-53-3

aniline

(E)-4-(2-phenyldiazenyl)benzene-1,3-diamine

(E)-4-(2-phenyldiazenyl)benzene-1,3-diamine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Stage #1: aniline With hydrogenchloride; sodium nitrite In water at 0℃; for 0.666667h;
Stage #2: m-phenylenediamine With hydrogenchloride In water at 0℃; for 0.5h;
100%
m-phenylenediamine
108-45-2

m-phenylenediamine

sulfanilamide
63-74-1

sulfanilamide

(E)-4-(2-(4-sulfonamido)diazenyl)benzene-1,3-diamine
103-12-8

(E)-4-(2-(4-sulfonamido)diazenyl)benzene-1,3-diamine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Stage #1: sulfanilamide With hydrogenchloride; sodium nitrite In water at 0℃; for 0.666667h;
Stage #2: m-phenylenediamine With hydrogenchloride In water at 0℃; for 0.5h;
100%
4-iodo-2-methylaniline
13194-68-8

4-iodo-2-methylaniline

m-phenylenediamine
108-45-2

m-phenylenediamine

(E)-4-(2-(4-iodo-2-methylphenyl)diazenyl)benzene-1,3-diamine

(E)-4-(2-(4-iodo-2-methylphenyl)diazenyl)benzene-1,3-diamine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Stage #1: 4-iodo-2-methylaniline With hydrogenchloride; sodium nitrite In water at 0℃; for 0.666667h;
Stage #2: m-phenylenediamine With hydrogenchloride In water at 0℃; for 0.5h;
100%
3-iodo-4-methylaniline
35944-64-0

3-iodo-4-methylaniline

m-phenylenediamine
108-45-2

m-phenylenediamine

(E)-4-(2-(3-iodo-4-methylphenyl)diazenyl)benzene-1,3-diamine

(E)-4-(2-(3-iodo-4-methylphenyl)diazenyl)benzene-1,3-diamine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Stage #1: 3-iodo-4-methylaniline With hydrogenchloride; sodium nitrite In water at 0℃; for 0.666667h;
Stage #2: m-phenylenediamine With hydrogenchloride In water at 0℃; for 0.5h;
100%
m-phenylenediamine
108-45-2

m-phenylenediamine

4-methoxy-2-nitroaniline
96-96-8

4-methoxy-2-nitroaniline

(E)-4-(2-(4-methoxy-2-nitrophenyl)diazenyl)benzene-1,3-diamine

(E)-4-(2-(4-methoxy-2-nitrophenyl)diazenyl)benzene-1,3-diamine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Stage #1: 4-methoxy-2-nitroaniline With hydrogenchloride; sodium nitrite In water at 0℃; for 0.666667h;
Stage #2: m-phenylenediamine With hydrogenchloride In water at 0℃; for 0.5h;
100%
4-chloro-7-(p-tolyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine

4-chloro-7-(p-tolyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine

m-phenylenediamine
108-45-2

m-phenylenediamine

N1-(7-(p-tolyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)benzene-1,3-diamine

N1-(7-(p-tolyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)benzene-1,3-diamine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With N-ethyl-N,N-diisopropylamine In 1-methyl-pyrrolidin-2-one Heating;100%
2,4-dichloro-N-(2-chloro-6-methylphenyl)pyrimidine-5-carboxamide

2,4-dichloro-N-(2-chloro-6-methylphenyl)pyrimidine-5-carboxamide

m-phenylenediamine
108-45-2

m-phenylenediamine

4-((3-aminophenyl)amino)-2-chloro-N-(2-chloro-6-methylphenyl)pyrimidine-5-carboxamide

4-((3-aminophenyl)amino)-2-chloro-N-(2-chloro-6-methylphenyl)pyrimidine-5-carboxamide

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With N-ethyl-N,N-diisopropylamine In butan-1-ol at 20 - 90℃; for 1h;100%
4-chlorophthalic anhydride
118-45-6

4-chlorophthalic anhydride

m-phenylenediamine
108-45-2

m-phenylenediamine

1,3-bis[N-(4-chlorophthalimidio)]benzene
148935-94-8

1,3-bis[N-(4-chlorophthalimidio)]benzene

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Sodium phenylphosphinate In methoxybenzene at 200℃; under 760.051 - 1824.12 Torr; for 2 - 7h; Conversion of starting material;99.44%
In glycerol at 150℃; for 15h;55.3%
In 1,2-dichloro-benzene at 20 - 180℃; for 32h;
m-phenylenediamine
108-45-2

m-phenylenediamine

Hexafluoroacetone
684-16-2

Hexafluoroacetone

1,3-bis-(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-hydroxy-2-propyl)-4,6-phenylenediamine

1,3-bis-(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-hydroxy-2-propyl)-4,6-phenylenediamine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With 1,1,1,3',3',3'-hexafluoro-propanol; trifluoroacetic acid at 80℃; for 24h;99.2%
2-diethylaminoethylisothiocyanate
32813-52-8

2-diethylaminoethylisothiocyanate

m-phenylenediamine
108-45-2

m-phenylenediamine

1,3-bis-1-<(N,N-diethylamino)ethyl>thioureido>benzene
137697-51-9

1,3-bis-1-<(N,N-diethylamino)ethyl>thioureido>benzene

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In 1,4-dioxane for 3h; Heating;99%
di-tert-butyl dicarbonate
24424-99-5

di-tert-butyl dicarbonate

m-phenylenediamine
108-45-2

m-phenylenediamine

(3-aminophenyl)carbamic acid tert-butyl ester
68621-88-5

(3-aminophenyl)carbamic acid tert-butyl ester

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In dichloromethane at 20℃; for 18h; Cooling with ice;99%
Stage #1: di-tert-butyl dicarbonate; m-phenylenediamine In dichloromethane at 20℃; for 18h;
Stage #2: With sodium carbonate In water; ethyl acetate
93%
In tetrahydrofuran at 20℃; for 24h;92%
m-phenylenediamine
108-45-2

m-phenylenediamine

cis-1,2,3,6-tetrahydrophthalic anhydride
935-79-5

cis-1,2,3,6-tetrahydrophthalic anhydride

trans-4,5-dibromocyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic anhydride

trans-4,5-dibromocyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic anhydride

6-{3-[(4,5-dibromo-2-carboxy-cyclohexanecarbonyl)-amino]-phenylcarbamoyl}-cyclohex-3-enecarboxylic acid

6-{3-[(4,5-dibromo-2-carboxy-cyclohexanecarbonyl)-amino]-phenylcarbamoyl}-cyclohex-3-enecarboxylic acid

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In acetone at 20℃; for 12h;99%
m-phenylenediamine
108-45-2

m-phenylenediamine

cis-1,2,3,6-tetrahydrophthalic anhydride
935-79-5

cis-1,2,3,6-tetrahydrophthalic anhydride

cis-4-cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid N-(m-aminophenyl)amide

cis-4-cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid N-(m-aminophenyl)amide

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In acetone99%
m-phenylenediamine
108-45-2

m-phenylenediamine

Diethyl carbonate
105-58-8

Diethyl carbonate

N-ethyl-1,3-benzenediamine
50617-74-8

N-ethyl-1,3-benzenediamine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With zeolite NaY for 2h; Heating;99%
m-phenylenediamine
108-45-2

m-phenylenediamine

diisopropyl-carbodiimide
693-13-0

diisopropyl-carbodiimide

C20H36N6

C20H36N6

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With [Li(THF)(DME)]3La[μ-η2η1(iPrN)2C(NC6H4p-Cl)]3 at 25℃; for 2h; Inert atmosphere;99%
With C36H52N5O4Si2Yb In neat at 60℃; for 0.5h; Inert atmosphere;93%
[{Me2Si(C5Me4)(NPh)}Y(CH2SiMe3)(thf)2] In benzene at 80℃; for 1h;
maleopimaric acid

maleopimaric acid

m-phenylenediamine
108-45-2

m-phenylenediamine

C30H38N2O4

C30H38N2O4

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With pyridine for 5h; Reflux;99%
m-phenylenediamine
108-45-2

m-phenylenediamine

6-chloro-N,N'-bis-(4-pyrazol-1-yl-phenyl)-[1,3,5]triazine-2,4-diamine

6-chloro-N,N'-bis-(4-pyrazol-1-yl-phenyl)-[1,3,5]triazine-2,4-diamine

N-3-aminophenyl-N',N
1607446-25-2

N-3-aminophenyl-N',N"-bis(4-pyrazol-1-ylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With N-ethyl-N,N-diisopropylamine In dimethyl sulfoxide at 140℃; under 760.051 Torr; for 0.166667h; Inert atmosphere; Microwave irradiation;99%
m-phenylenediamine
108-45-2

m-phenylenediamine

2-bromobenzoic acid chloride
7154-66-7

2-bromobenzoic acid chloride

N,N'-(1,3-phenylene)bis(2-bromobenzamide)

N,N'-(1,3-phenylene)bis(2-bromobenzamide)

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With sodium hydrogencarbonate In dichloromethane at 0 - 20℃;99%
m-phenylenediamine
108-45-2

m-phenylenediamine

Thioctic acid
1077-28-7, 62-46-4

Thioctic acid

C14H20N2OS2

C14H20N2OS2

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With benzotriazol-1-ol; 1-ethyl-(3-(3-dimethylamino)propyl)-carbodiimide hydrochloride; N-ethyl-N,N-diisopropylamine In N,N-dimethyl-formamide99%
With benzotriazol-1-ol; 1-ethyl-(3-(3-dimethylamino)propyl)-carbodiimide hydrochloride; N-ethyl-N,N-diisopropylamine In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 0℃; Inert atmosphere;99%
3-hydroxy-2-naphthoyl chloride
1734-00-5

3-hydroxy-2-naphthoyl chloride

m-phenylenediamine
108-45-2

m-phenylenediamine

N,N'-bis-(3-hydroxy-[2]naphthoylamino)-benzene
2808-08-4

N,N'-bis-(3-hydroxy-[2]naphthoylamino)-benzene

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With thionyl chloride In 1-methyl-pyrrolidin-2-one at 10 - 20℃; for 2h;98.5%
With thionyl chloride In 1-methyl-pyrrolidin-2-one at 10 - 20℃; for 2.5h;
m-phenylenediamine
108-45-2

m-phenylenediamine

methanesulfonyl chloride
124-63-0

methanesulfonyl chloride

3-(methylsulfonamido)aniline
37045-73-1

3-(methylsulfonamido)aniline

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With calcium bicarbonate; magnesium hydrogencarbonate; sodium dodecyl-sulfate; sodium carbonate; calcium chloride; magnesium chloride In water at -8 - 30℃; for 13.5h; Reagent/catalyst; Temperature;98.5%

108-45-2Related news

Self-assembly of m-Phenylenediamine (cas 108-45-2) and polyoxometalate into hollow-sphere and core-in-hollow-shell nanostructures for selective adsorption of dyes08/21/2019

Supramolecular self-assembly is an effective method to assemble organic and inorganic units into various hierarchical structures with excellent properties and is widely used in material and life science. In this article, the self-assembled hollow-sphere and core-in-hollow-shell nanostructures co...detailed

ArticleDetermination and correlation solubility of m-Phenylenediamine (cas 108-45-2) in (methanol, ethanol, acetonitrile and water) and their binary solvents from 278.15 K to 313.15 K☆08/20/2019

In this study, the solubility of m-phenylenediamine in four pure solvents (methanol, ethanol, acetonitrile and water) and three binary solvent (methanol + water), (ethanol + water) and (acetonitrile + water) systems were determined in the temperature ranging from 278.15 K to 313.15 K by using th...detailed

108-45-2Relevant articles and documents

Magnetic nanoparticle-tethered Schiff base–palladium(II): Highly active and reusable heterogeneous catalyst for Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling and reduction of nitroarenes in aqueous medium at room temperature

Manjunatha,Koley, Tuhin S.,Kandathil, Vishal,Dateer, Ramesh B.,Balakrishna, Geetha,Sasidhar,Patil, Shivaputra A.,Patil, Siddappa A.

, (2018)

As a continuation of our efforts to develop new heterogeneous nanomagnetic catalysts for greener reactions, we identified a Schiff base–palladium(II) complex anchored on magnetic nanoparticles (SB-Pd@MNPs) as a highly active nanomagnetic catalyst for Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reactions between phenylboronic acid and aryl halides and for the reduction of nitroarenes using sodium borohydride in an aqueous medium at room temperature. The SB-Pd@MNPs nanomagnetic catalyst shows notable advantages such as simplicity of operation, excellent yields, short reaction times, heterogeneous nature, easy magnetic work up and recyclability. Characterization of the synthesized SB-Pd@MNPs nanomagnetic catalyst was performed with various physicochemical methods such as attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy, UV–visible spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, powder X-ray powder diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area analysis.

The novel reduction systems: NaBH4-SbCl3 or NaBH4-BiCl3 for conversion of nitroarenes to primary amines

Ren,Pan,Dong,Wu

, p. 3799 - 3803 (1995)

Nitroarenes can be conveniently reduced to primary amines in good to excellent yields by sodium borohydride in the presence of bismuth chloride or antimony chloride.

NiO-Al2O3 prepared from a Ni-Al hydrotalcite precursor as an efficient catalyst for transfer hydrogenation reactions

Jyothi,Raja,Talawar,Sreekumar,Sugunan,Rao

, p. 1573 - 1579 (2000)

NiO-Al2O3 catalyst prepared by calcining a Ni-Al hydrotalcite precursor efficiently reduces nitroarenes and carbonyl compounds in presence of propan-2-ol and KOH. Presence of two different reducible groups in the substrate leads to chemoselective reduction.

Efficient reduction of nitro compounds and domino preparation of 1-substituted-1H-1,2,3,4-tetrazoles by Pd(ii)-polysalophen coated magnetite NPs as a robust versatile nanocomposite

Xu, DaPeng,Xiong, Meilu,Kazemnejadi, Milad

, p. 12484 - 12499 (2021)

A new, versatile, and green methodology has been developed for the efficient NaBH4-reduction of nitroarenes as well as the domino/reduction MCR preparation of 1-substituted-1H-1,2,3,4-tetrazoles using Pd(ii)-polysalophen coated magnetite NPs as an efficient heterogeneous magnetically recyclable nanocatalyst. Polysalophen was firstly prepared based on a triazine framework with a high degree of polymerization, then coordinated to Pd ions and, finally, the resulting hybrid was immobilized on magnetite NPs. The catalyst was characterized by various instrumental and analytical methods, including GPC, DLS, N2adsorption-desorption, TGA, VSM, TEM, HRTEM, EDX, XPS, XRD, and ICP analyses. The catalyst possesses dual-functionality including the reduction of nitroarenes and the construction of tetrazole rings all in one stepviaa domino protocol. High to excellent yields were obtained for both nitro reduction and the direct preparation of 1-substituted-1H-1,2,3,4-tetrazoles from nitro compounds. Insight into the mechanism was conducted by XPSin situas well as DLSin situalong with several control experiments. Recyclability of the catalyst was studied for 6 consecutive runs along with metal leaching measurements in each cycle.

Synthesis of In2S3-CNT nanocomposites for selective reduction under visible light

Yang, Min-Quan,Weng, Bo,Xu, Yi-Jun

, p. 1710 - 1720 (2014)

In2S3-carbon nanotube (In2S 3-CNT) nanocomposites have been prepared via a facile refluxing wet chemistry process. The as-synthesized In2S3-CNT nanocomposites can be used as selective and a

Synthesis, characterization, and application of easily accessible resin-encapsulated nickel nanocatalyst for efficient reduction of functionalized nitroarenes under mild conditions

Rani, Poonam,Singh, Kamal Nain,Kaur, Amarjit

, (2018)

Abstract: A novel resin-encapsulated nickel nanocatalyst has been synthesized by a modified impregnation method using nickel acetate tetrahydrate in presence of sodium borohydride as a mild reducing agent. The synthesized nanocatalyst was characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The concentration of nickel nanoparticles encapsulated on resin was determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS). Further, synthesized resin-encapsulated nickel nanocatalyst was found to be stable and efficient in micromolar concentrations, for the selective reduction of functionalized nitroarenes to corresponding amines in good to high yield, under mild reaction conditions. The nanocatalyst shows excellent reusability. Graphical Abstract: SYNOPSIS A novel resin-encapsulated nickel nanocatalyst (Ni@XAD-4) was synthesized using a modified impregnation method. The nanocatalyst exhibited excellent catalytic activity towards the selective reduction of functionalized nitroarenes in the presence of NaBH 4 with reusability up to five cycles.[Figure not available: see fulltext.].

A convenient and mild synthetic route to aminoarenes by reduction of nitroarenes with activated nickel and hydrazine hydrate

Li, Hongbin,Zhang, Rong,Wang, Hui,Pan, Yi,Shi, Yaozeng

, p. 3047 - 3052 (1997)

Aminoarenes were obtained in excellent yields by reduction of corresponding nitroarenes with activated nickel powder and hydrazine hydrate. The nickel catalyst was prepared by the reduction of anhydrous nickelous chloride with Ultrasonically Dispersed Potassium.

Catalytic application of 1,3,5-triazine-pentaethylenehexamine polymer-supported palladium nanoparticles in the convenient reduction of nitroarenes with sodium borohydride or hydrazine

Gen?, Hayriye,Zengin, Mustafa,Kü?ükislamo?lu, Mustafa,Imamoglu, Mustafa,Toplan, Hüseyin ?zkan,Arslan, Mustafa

, p. 784 - 792 (2017)

The catalytic activity of 1,3,5-triazine-pentaethylenehexamine (TAPEHA) polymer-supported Pd nanoparticles was investigated in the reduction of nitro arenes to the corresponding amines by NaBH4 or N2H4 .H2 O. Optimized reaction conditions for both systems were successfully tested on 20 nitroarenes with different characteristics. Considerably high yields (80%-98% in NaBH4 and 85%-98% in N2H4) were obtained in a short time and at ambient temperature. In addition to these methods being selective against other reducible functionalities such as -CN, -Br, -Cl, and -I, the catalyst can be recovered easily and reused more than ten times.

Efficient reductions of various nitroarenes with scrap automobile catalyst and NaBH4

Genc, Hayriye

, p. 64 - 67 (2015)

The effect of scrap automobile catalyst (SAC), a waste material, was investigated as a catalyst for the reduction of nitroarenes to the corresponding amines with sodium borohydride in aqueous ethanol at 5-25 °C. Along with the observed high conversions, the SAC and NaBH4 combination also exhibits a selectively catalyzed reduction in compounds containing other reducible functionalities, such as CN, Br, Cl and I. Recycling automobile wastes into a catalyst for organic reactions will offer both environmental protection and economic advantages. As a result, an effective, easy to use, low-priced and reliable method has been developed.

CuIBiOI is an efficient novel catalyst in Ullmann-type CN– couplings with wide scope—A rare non-photocatalyic application

Djerdj, Igor,Kónya, Zoltán,Kocsis, Marianna,Kukovecz, ákos,Pálinkó, István,Sipos, Pál,Varga, Gábor

, (2020)

Preparation of a new, mixed-cationic layered CuIBiOI was prepared and its non-photocatalytic catalytic properties were explored. This solid substance had BiOI-like, lamellar and deflected structure resulting from CuI ion incorporation in the Bi2O2 layers. The as-prepared substance was fully characterized by XRD, Raman, far IR, UV–DR, XP spectroscopies, thermal (TG-DTG) and analytical (ICP-MS, SEM-EDX) methods, electron microscopies (SEM, TEM) as well as BET surface area measurements. By performing Ullmann-type CN– coupling reactions between aryl halides and aqueous ammonia, its catalytic capabilities were tested. The effects of solvents, added base and catalyst loading as well as reaction time and reaction temperature were scrutinized, and a green way for the reaction was identified. The recyclability of the catalyst without the loss of activity and its general applicability for a wide range of aryl halides were also demonstrated.

Chemoselective transfer hydrogenation reactions over calcined-layered double hydroxides

Jyothi,Talawar,Raja,Sreekumar,Rajagopal,Rao

, p. 1425 - 1427 (2000)

Layered double hydroxides (LDH) of the hydrotalcite type (also known as anionic clays) could be utilized as precursors of mixed metal oxides with pronounced basic properties. Upon calcination in air at ~ 723 K, these materials give rise to solid solutions between M2+ and M3+ ions (Mg2+, Mn2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, and Al3+, Fe3+, Cr3+, respectively). The function of such materials was studied in the reduction of nitrobenzene to aniline using isopropanol as a hydrogen donor, and in the hydrogen-transfer reduction of p-chloronitrobenzene, p-nitroanisole, o-nitrotoluene, m-dinitrobenzene, acetophenone, benzophenone, p-nitroacetophenone, p-nitrobenzophenone, and cinnamaldehyde. The NiII-AlIII (mole ratio = 3:1) catalyst was very active in bringing about chemoselective reduction compared to other calcined LDH.

Preparation, surface and crystal structure, band energetics, optoelectronic, and photocatalytic properties of AuxCd1-xS nanorods

Singh, Rohit,Pal, Bonamali

, p. 851 - 858 (2015)

A series of novel AuxCd1-xS materials (x=0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.05, 0.07, 0.1) were prepared and their optical properties, structural-surface morphology, and photocatalytic activity for oxidation and reduction reactions under visible-light irradiation were studied. X-ray diffraction confirmed the shrinkage of the hexagonal crystal structure of CdS; the lattice parameters decreased as a=4.190→4.072 ? and b=c=6.790→6.635 ? with increased loading (1-10 mol%) of the Au3+ dopant. Optical spectra of AuxCd1-xS revealed a significant red-shift (485→538 nm) of the absorption onset and band edge emission (506→530 nm) with notable quenching in photoluminescence. The bandgap energy decreases (2.71→2.41 eV) with increasing Au3+ doping of the CdS nanorods along with considerable shifting of valence band (+1.13→+1.04 eV) and conduction band positions (-1.58→-1.36 eV) versus NHE. The surface area of bare CdS (90.56 m2 g-1) is gradually reduced to 12.32 m2 g-1 with increasing Au3+ doping content. The photocatalytic activity considerably improves with doping, where the Au0.1Cd0.9S composite displays the highest levels of photooxidation (95%) of 0.5 mM salicyldehyde and reduction of 5 mM m-dinitrobenzene to m-nitroaniline (44 %) and m-phenylenediamine (52 %) relative to bare CdS (50 %) probably due to the homogeneous dispersion of Au3+ ions throughout CdS crystal, their superior band-energetics for facile charge-separation and better photostability.

Preparation of carbon supported CuPd nanoparticles as novel heterogeneous catalysts for the reduction of nitroarenes and the phosphine-free Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction

Nasrollahzadeh, Mahmoud,Jaleh, Babak,Ehsani, Ali

, p. 1148 - 1153 (2015)

This paper reports on the synthesis and use of CuPd nanoparticles supported on carbon, as highly active catalysts for the reduction of nitroarenes and Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reactions. The catalyst was characterized using the powder XRD, SEM, ICP-AES and EDS techniques. This method has the advantages of high yields, elimination of homogeneous catalysts, simple methodology and easy work up. Catalytic efficiency remains unaltered even after several repeated cycles.

Excellent catalytic properties over nanocomposite catalysts for selective hydrogenation of halonitrobenzenes

Liang, Minghui,Wang, Xiaodong,Liu, Hongquan,Liu, Haichao,Wang, Yuan

, p. 335 - 342 (2008)

A partially reduced Pt/γ-Fe2O3 magnetic nanocomposite catalyst (Pt/γ-Fe2O3-PR) exhibited excellent catalytic properties in the selective hydrogenation of 2, 4-dinitrochlorobenzene and iodonitrobenzenes. The selectivity to 4-chloro-m-phenylenediamine (4-CPDA), meta-iodoaniline (m-IAN), and para-iodoaniline (p-IAN) reached 99.9%, 99.8%, and 99.4%, respectively, at complete conversion of the substrates. The hydrodehalogenation of 4-CPDA and IANs was fully suppressed for the first time over Pt/γ-Fe2O3-PR. It was found that CO chemisorption on the Pt nanoparticles deposited on the partially reduced γ-Fe2O3 and Fe3O4 nanoparticles was very weak, implying a weak tendency of the electronic back-donation from the Pt nanoparticles to the π* antibonding orbitals of the adsorbed molecules. We believe that this is a cause of the superior selectivity to the haloanilines in the hydrogenation reactions of interest over the Pt/γ-Fe2O3-PR catalyst.

Rhodium nanoparticles supported on 2-(aminomethyl)phenols-modified Fe3O4 spheres as a magnetically recoverable catalyst for reduction of nitroarenes and the degradation of dyes in water

Chen, Tian,Chen, Zhangpei,Hu, Jianshe,Lv, Kexin,Reheman, Aikebaier,Wang, Gongshu

, (2021/06/18)

A magnetic nanostructured catalyst (Fe3O4@SiO2-Amp-Rh) modified with 2-(aminomethyl)phenols (Amp) was designed and prepared, which is used to catalyze the reduction of aromatic nitro compounds into corresponding amines and the degradation of dyes. The 2-aminomethylphenol motif plays a vital role in the immobilization of rhodium nanoparticles to offer extraordinary stability, which has been characterized by using various techniques, including transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermal gravimetric analyzer (TGA), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). A variety of nitroaromatic derivatives have been reduced to the corresponding anilines in water with up to yields of 99% within 1?h at room temperature. In addition, the catalyst system is effective in catalyzing the reduction of toxic pollutant 4-nitrophenol and the degradation of MO, MB and RhB dyes. Importantly, this catalyst Fe3O4@SiO2-Amp-Rh can be easily recovered by an external magnetic field because of the presence of magnetic core of Fe3O4, and the activity of Fe3O4@SiO2-Amp-Rh does not decrease significantly after 7 times’ recycling, which indicates that the catalyst performed high reactivity as well as stability. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]

Copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) catalyzed chemoselective reduction of nitroarenes in aqueous medium

Chand, Dillip Kumar,Rai, Randhir

, (2021/08/20)

Abstract: A procedure for practical synthesis of CuNPs from CuSO4·5H2O is established, under appropriate reaction conditions, using rice (Oryza sativa) as an economic source of reducing as well as a stabilizing agent. Optical and microscopic techniques are employed for the characterization of the synthesized CuNPs and the sizes of the particles were found to be in the range of 8 ± 2 nm. The nanoparticles are used as a catalyst for chemoselective reduction of aromatic nitro compounds to corresponding amines under ambient conditions and water as a reaction medium. Graphic abstract: CuNPs are synthesized using hydrolysed rice and used as catalyst for chemoselective reduction of nitroarenes to their corresponding amines in water. [Figure not available: see fulltext.]

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