13494-90-1 Usage
Description
Gallium nitrate, with the chemical formula Ga(NO3)3, is a white crystalline compound that was initially developed as an anticancer agent. It is an anhydrate salt that is highly soluble in water and soluble in 95% ethanol. Gallium nitrate is known for its antitumor activity in various murine tumor models and has been approved by the FDA for the treatment of cancer-associated hypercalcemia.
Uses
Used in Cancer Treatment:
GALLIUM NITRATE is used as an anticancer agent for its antitumor activity in various types of cancers, including non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and bladder cancer. It has demonstrated effectiveness in treating refractory lymphomas, small-cell lung carcinomas, and bladder cancer, with total objective response rates of 28% and 11%, respectively.
Used in Hypercalcemia Treatment:
GALLIUM NITRATE is used as a regulator for calcium, specifically in the treatment of hypercalcemia associated with malignancy and related disease states. It has an inhibitory effect on calcium reabsorption from bone, making it superior to alternative therapies for this condition.
Used in Bone Metastases Treatment:
GALLIUM NITRATE is used as a treatment for bone metastases from various cancers, as it has been shown to inhibit bone turnover and decrease osteolysis in patients with multiple myeloma and those with bone metastases.
Used in Gallium Salts Production:
GALLIUM NITRATE is used as a material for producing gallium salts and serves as a chemical reagent and intermediate in the chemical industry.
Used in Scientific Research:
GALLIUM NITRATE is used in scientific research due to its unique chemical properties and potential applications in various fields.
Potential Uses:
GALLIUM NITRATE may also be used in the treatment of osteoporosis and Paget’s disease, although these applications are not yet fully established.
Chemical Properties:
Gallium nitrate is a white crystal(s) powder(s) that is stable in commonly used intravenous fluids for 14 days at room temperature and at 5 ℃. It is physically compatible for injection with selected drug products, except for diazepam injection. This chemical is an oxidizer and is probably combustible.
Brand Name:
Ganite (Genta) is the brand name for gallium nitrate, which was introduced by Fujisawa as an orphan drug for the treatment of cancer-related hypercalcemia and bone metastases that do not respond to adequate hydration.
Originator
Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (U.S.A.)
Air & Water Reactions
Deliquescent. Water soluble.
Reactivity Profile
Oxidizing agents, such as GALLIUM NITRATE, can react with reducing agents to generate heat and products that may be gaseous (causing pressurization of closed containers). The products may themselves be capable of further reactions (such as combustion in the air). The chemical reduction of materials in this group can be rapid or even explosive, but often requires initiation (heat, spark, catalyst, addition of a solvent). Explosive mixtures of inorganic oxidizing agents with reducing agents often persist unchanged for long periods if initiation is prevented. Such systems are typically mixtures of solids, but may involve any combination of physical states. Some inorganic oxidizing agents are salts of metals that are soluble in water; dissolution dilutes but does not nullify the oxidizing power of such materials. Organic compounds, in general, have some reducing power and can in principle react with compounds in this class. Actual reactivity varies greatly with the identity of the organic compound. Inorganic oxidizing agents can react violently with active metals, cyanides, esters, and thiocyanates.
Fire Hazard
Flash point data for GALLIUM NITRATE are not available, but GALLIUM NITRATE is probably combustible.
Pharmaceutical Applications
In clinical trials, gallium nitrate has proved to be highly active as an antitumour agent especially against non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and bladder cancer. The cytotoxic activity of gallium nitrate has been demonstrated as single agent and as part of combination therapy, for example, together with fluorouracil. Gallium nitrate shows a relatively low toxicity and does not produce myelosuppression, which is a significant advantage over other traditional anticancer agents. Furthermore, it does not appear to show any cross-resistance with conventional chemotherapeutic agents. These studies have also shown that gallium nitrate is able to decrease serum calcium levels in patients with tumour-induced hypercalcaemia. Subsequently, several studies have been carried out comparing traditional bisphosphonate drugs with gallium nitrate in their ability to decrease the calcium levels that are elevated as a result of cancer. Based on the clinical efficacy, gallium nitrate injections (GaniteTM) was granted approval by the FDA for the treatment of cancer-associated hypercalcaemia. Gallium nitrate is also believed to inhibit the bone turnover and therefore to decrease osteolysis, the active reabsorption of bone material, in patients with bone metastasis secondary to other cancers.
Carcinogenicity
Studies on the antitumor activity
of gallium nitrate have shown that it is particularly active
against solid tumors. It has demonstrated antitumor
activity in a variety of murine tumor models, including Walker carcinosarcoma 256, fibrosarcoma M-89, leukemia
K-1964, adenocarcinoma 755, mammary carcinoma YMC,
reticulum cell sarcoma A-RCS, lymphoma P1798, and osteosarcoma
124F.
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 13494-90-1 includes 8 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 5 digits, 1,3,4,9 and 4 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 9 and 0 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 13494-90:
(7*1)+(6*3)+(5*4)+(4*9)+(3*4)+(2*9)+(1*0)=111
111 % 10 = 1
So 13494-90-1 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/Ga.NO3/c;2-1(3)4/q+3;-1
