16110-51-3 Usage
Description
Cromolyn is a synthetic analog of the plant extract khellin that
was first developed in the late 1960s and introduced into
clinical practice the following decade. It is continued to be used
widely in the treatment of allergic rhinitis, asthma, mastocytosis,
and conjunctivitis. It has an outstanding safety profile
and can be readily obtained without prescription in many
countries.
Uses
Different sources of media describe the Uses of 16110-51-3 differently. You can refer to the following data:
1. It is used for bronchial asthma, as well as prevention of seasonal, constant, and physically
caused asthma attacks and allergic rhinitis.
2. Cromolyn is used primarily for the prophylaxis of various types
of asthma and in the treatment of allergic rhinitis, mastocytosis,
and vernal conjunctivitis.
Definition
ChEBI: A dicarboxylic acid that is the bis-chromone derivative of glycerol. It is effective as a mast cell stabilizer.
Therapeutic Function
Bronchodilator
General Description
Solid.
Air & Water Reactions
Water soluble.
Reactivity Profile
Carboxylic acids donate hydrogen ions if a base is present to accept them. They react in this way with all bases, both organic (for example, the amines) and inorganic. Their reactions with bases, called "neutralizations", are accompanied by the evolution of substantial amounts of heat. Neutralization between an acid and a base produces water plus a salt. Carboxylic acids in aqueous solution and liquid or molten carboxylic acids can react with active metals to form gaseous hydrogen and a metal salt. Such reactions occur in principle for solid carboxylic acids as well, but are slow if the solid acid remains dry. Even "insoluble" carboxylic acids may absorb enough water from the air and dissolve sufficiently in Cromoglicic acid to corrode or dissolve iron, steel, and aluminum parts and containers. Carboxylic acids, especially in aqueous solution, also react with sulfites, nitrites, thiosulfates (to give H2S and SO3), dithionites (SO2), to generate flammable and/or toxic gases and heat.
Fire Hazard
Flash point data for Cromoglicic acid are not available. Cromoglicic acid is probably combustible.
Mechanism of action
Cromolyn stabilizes the membranes of mast cells, stopping the release of allergy mediators
and suppressing activation of eosinophiles, neutrophilis, thrombocytes, and
macrophages, which take part in the formation of bronchospasms.
Cromylyn differs from the majority of medications taken for obstructive diseases of the
respiratory tract in that it is used only as a preventative agent.
Clinical Use
Cromolyn generally is used prophylactically for bronchial asthma (as an inhaled powder), for
prevention of exercise-induced bronchospasm, and for seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis
(nasal solution). Topically, it also is used as eye drops for allergic conjunctivitis and keratitis.
In
the management of asthmatic conditions, it is administered using a power-operated nebulizer.
The bioavailability is very low with oral administration because of poor absorption. By
inhalation, the powder is irritating to some patients. After inhalation, much less than 10% of
the dose reaches the systemic circulation. An oral dosage form is used for mastocytosis.
Synthesis
Cromolyn, 5,5[(2-hydroxytrimethylen)dioxy] bis 4-oxo-4H-1-benzopiran-2-
carboxylic acid (23.3.9), are synthesized by reacting 2,6-dihydroxyacetophenone with
epichlorohydrine, during which the chlorine atom in epichlorohydrine is replaced and an
opening of the epoxide ring takes place, resulting in a bis-product 23.3.7. Cyclization of
this product into a bis-derivative 23.3.8 is accomplished using diethyloxalate, subsequent
alkaline hydrolysis of the ester groups of which gives the desired cromolyn (23.3.9).
Environmental Fate
The major prophylactic effect of cromolyn is centered on
inhibition of the degranulation of pulmonary mast cells
causing a reduction in histamine release, reduced leukotriene
production, and inhibition of release of inflammatory mediators
from several cell types.
Toxicity evaluation
Cromolyn is a mast cell stabilizer and typically marketed as the
sodium salt in the United States. It is typically found in solution
as a clear and colorless liquid. Cromolyn is soluble in
water and the solution is completely soluble in water.
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 16110-51-3 includes 8 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 5 digits, 1,6,1,1 and 0 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 5 and 1 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 16110-51:
(7*1)+(6*6)+(5*1)+(4*1)+(3*0)+(2*5)+(1*1)=63
63 % 10 = 3
So 16110-51-3 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/C23H16O11/c24-11(9-31-12-4-5-16-13(6-12)14(25)7-19(33-16)22(27)28)10-32-17-2-1-3-18-21(17)15(26)8-20(34-18)23(29)30/h1-8,11,24H,9-10H2,(H,27,28)(H,29,30)
16110-51-3Relevant articles and documents
METHOD OF SCREENING COMPOUND USEFUL IN TREATING ALLERGIC DISEASE
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Page/Page column 7-8, (2010/04/30)
The present invention provides a method of screening for a compound useful for treatment of an allergic disease by identifying a molecule targeted by Intal upon exertion of its efficacy as an anti-allergic agent (hereinafter referred as a target) and using the target, as well as a new type of anti-allergic agent comprising a compound obtainable by the screening as an active ingredient for treatment of an allergic disease.
NOVEL DRUG DISCOVERY TARGET AND MEDICINE ACTING ON THE SAME
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Page/Page column 12-13, (2008/06/13)
The present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising as an active ingredient a compound that specifically binds to MFP-2 or a functional fragment thereof and a screening method for the compound; the compound and a pharmaceutical composition comprising the same are highly useful as anti-inflammatory agents and anti-allergic agents.
LIPOSOMAL COMPOSITIONS
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, (2008/06/13)
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