19408-74-3

Basic information

• Product Name: 1,2,3,7,8,9-HEXACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN
• Synonyms: 1,2,3,7,8,9-hexachlorodibenzo(b,e)(1,4)dioxin;1,2,3,7,8,9-hexachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxi;d70;Dibenzo-p-dioxin, 1,2,3,7,8,9-hexachloro-;DIBENZO-PARA-DIOXIN,HEXACHLORO-;1,2,3,7,8,9-HCDD;1,2,3,7,8,9-HXCDD;2,3,4,6,7,8-HCDD
• CAS NO: 19408-74-3
• Molecular Formula: C12H2Cl6O2
• Molecular Weight: 390.86108
• Product Categories: Aromatics;Heterocycles
• Mol File: 19408-74-3.mol
• Article Data: 22

Chemical Properties

• Melting Point: 243.5°C
• Boiling Point: 475.35°C (rough estimate)
• Flash Point: 182.9°C
• Appearance: /
• Density: 1.8350 (estimate)
• Vapor Pressure: 7.72E-09mmHg at 25°C
• Refractive Index: 1.6710 (estimate)
• CAS DataBase Reference: 1,2,3,7,8,9-HEXACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN(CAS DataBase Reference)
• NIST Chemistry Reference: 1,2,3,7,8,9-HEXACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN(19408-74-3)
• EPA Substance Registry System: 1,2,3,7,8,9-HEXACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN(19408-74-3)

Safety Data

• RIDADR: 2811
• HazardClass: 6.1(a)
• PackingGroup: I
• Hazardous Substances Data: 19408-74-3(Hazardous Substances Data)

Usage

Description

1,2,3,7,8,9-Hexachlorodibenzo-P-Dioxin is a toxic polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin, which is a type of chemical compound that consists of two benzene rings connected by an oxygen atom. It is characterized by its light pink crystalline solid appearance and has been detected in domestic meat and poultry.

Uses

1. Used in Environmental Monitoring:
1,2,3,7,8,9-Hexachlorodibenzo-P-Dioxin is used as a contaminant indicator in the environmental monitoring industry. Its presence in domestic meat and poultry serves as a warning for potential health risks and the need for better control measures in the food production process.
2. Used in Research and Development:
In the field of research and development, 1,2,3,7,8,9-Hexachlorodibenzo-P-Dioxin is used as a reference compound for studying the effects of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins on human health and the environment. This helps in understanding the mechanisms of toxicity and developing strategies for risk assessment and mitigation.
3. Used in Regulatory Compliance:
1,2,3,7,8,9-Hexachlorodibenzo-P-Dioxin is used as a benchmark in regulatory compliance for the food industry. Its detection in meat and poultry products can lead to the implementation of stricter regulations and guidelines to ensure the safety and quality of the food supply.
4. Used in Toxicology Studies:
In the field of toxicology, 1,2,3,7,8,9-Hexachlorodibenzo-P-Dioxin is used as a model compound to study the toxic effects of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins on living organisms. This helps in understanding the potential health risks associated with exposure to these toxic substances and developing appropriate countermeasures.
5. Used in Industrial Waste Management:
1,2,3,7,8,9-Hexachlorodibenzo-P-Dioxin is used as a target compound in the management of industrial waste. Its detection in waste materials can indicate the presence of other toxic substances, prompting the need for proper waste treatment and disposal methods to prevent environmental contamination.

Air & Water Reactions

Insoluble in water.

Reactivity Profile

1,2,3,7,8,9-HEXACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN is stable under normal laboratory conditions. Solutions may be sensitive to light. Methanol solutions are degraded on exposure to sunlight or ultraviolet irradiation.

Fire Hazard

Flash point data for 1,2,3,7,8,9-HEXACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN are not available. 1,2,3,7,8,9-HEXACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN is probably combustible.

InChI:InChI=1/C12H2Cl6O2/c13-3-1-5-11(9(17)7(3)15)20-12-6(19-5)2-4(14)8(16)10(12)18/h1-2H

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Relevant articles and documents

Emissions of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans from the open burning of household waste in barrels

Backyard burning of household waste in barrels is a common waste disposal practice for which pollutant emissions have not been well characterized. This study measured the emissions of several pollutants, including polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDDs/PCDFs), from burning mixtures designed to simulate waste generated by a 'recycling' and a 'nonrecycling' family in a 208-L (55-gal) burn barrel at the EPA's Open Burning Test Facility. This paper focuses on the PCDD/PCDF emissions and discusses the factors influencing PCDD/PCDF formation for different test burns. Four test burns were made in which the amount of waste placed in the barrel varied from 6.4 to 13.6 kg and the amount actually burned varied from 46.6% to 68.1%. Emissions of total PCDDs/PCDFs ranged between 0.0046 and 0.48 mg/kg of waste burned. Emissions are also presented in terms of 2,3,7,8-TCDD toxic equivalents. Emissions of PCDDs/PCDFs appear to correlate with both copper and hydrochloric acid emissions. The results of this study indicate that backyard burning emits more PCDDs/PCDFs on a mass of refuse burned basis than various types of municipal waste combustors (MWCs). Comparison of burn barrel emissions to emissions from a hypothetical modern MWC equipped with high-efficiency flue gas cleaning technology indicates that about 2-40 households burning their trash daily in barrels can produce average PCDD/PCDF emissions comparable to a 182 000 kg/day (200 ton/day) MWC facility. This study provides important data on a potentially significant source of emissions of PCDDs/PCDFs. Backyard burning of household waste in barrels is a common waste disposal practice for which pollutant emissions have not been well characterized. This study measured the emissions of several pollutants, including polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDDs/PCDFs), from burning mixtures designed to simulate waste generated by a 'recycling' and a 'nonrecycling' family in a 208-L (55-gal) burn barrel at the EPA's Open Burning Test Facility. This paper focuses on the PCDD/PCDF emissions and discusses the factors influencing PCDD/PCDF formation for different test burns. Four test burns were made in which the amount of waste placed in the barrel varied from 6.4 to 13.6 kg and the amount actually burned varied from 46.6% to 68.1%. Emissions of total PCDDs/PCDFs ranged between 0.0046 and 0.48 mg/kg of waste burned. Emissions are also presented in terms of 2,3,7,8-TCDD toxic equivalents. Emissions of PCDDs/PCDFs appear to correlate with both copper and hydrochloric acid emissions. The results of this study indicate that backyard burning emits more PCDDs/PCDFs on a mass of refuse burned basis than various types of municipal waste combustors (MWCs). Comparison of burn barrel emissions to emissions from a hypothetical modern MWC equipped with high-efficiency flue gas cleaning technology indicates that about 2-40 households burning their trash daily in barrels can produce average PCDD/PCDF emissions comparable to a 182 000 kg/day (200 ton/day) MWC facility. This study provides important data on a potentially significant source of emissions of PCDDs/PCDFs.

Characteristics of dioxins and metals emission from radwaste plasma arc melter system

This study investigated the emission characteristics of PCDD/Fs and the partitioning of three heavy metals (Cd, Hg and Pb) and two radioactive metal surrogates (Co and Cs) in a radwaste plasma arc melter system. Typical mixtures of low-level radioactive wastes were simulated as the trial burn surrogate wastes. The emission of PCDD/Fs and the partitioning of the metals were strongly influenced by the feed waste stream and melter operating temperature, respectively. The emissions of PCDD/Fs, cadmium and lead were greatly enhanced when the polyvinyl chloride was included in the feed waste stream. Most of the nonvolatile cobalt partitioned into the glass. A significant quantity of cesium, cadmium and lead was vaporized during the highest melter temperature test. A lower melter temperature resulted in more cesium, cadmium and lead species remaining in the glass. The results of this study suggest that wet scrubbing as well as a low-temperature two-step fine filtration, or both of them together could not effectively capture the gas-phase or fine particle phase PCDD/Fs and mercury species. In order to effectively treat low-level radioactive waste streams, the tested high-temperature melter should include an adsorption system, which could collect the gas-phase PCDD/Fs and mercury species.

Removal of PCDD/Fs from Flue Gas by a Fixed-Bed Activated Carbon Filter in a Hazardous Waste Incinerator

The adsorption of polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) by activated carbon (AC) was examined in a fixed-bed AC unit in a hazardous waste incinerator (IZAYDAS) in Turkey. Results showed that the removal efficiencies of PCDD/Fs decrease as the chlorination level increases, which was explained by the difference in gas/particle partitioning of the compounds. Since dioxins are tightly adsorbed by activated carbon, other flue gas constituents showed no clear effect on the dioxin removal. Adsorption kinetics indicated that the adsorption of volatile congeners and homologues fits well with Henry's law, possibly due to the higher gaseous fractions, while the correlation was lower for lowly volatile ones. PCDD/F congeners and homologues had a concentration value up to which no adsorption occurred, which could be attributed to the insufficient contact times at the low concentrations.