20427-56-9

Basic information

• Product Name: RUTHENIUM TETROXIDE
• Synonyms: RUTHENIUM (VIII) OXIDE;RUTHENIUM TETROXIDE;RuO4;Ruthenium oxide (RuO4);Ruthenium oxide (RuO4), (T-4)-;ruthenium(viii)oxide(0.5%stabilizedaqueoussolution);rutheniumtetraoxide;0.5%stabilizedaqueoussolution
• CAS NO: 20427-56-9
• Molecular Formula: O₄Ru
• Molecular Weight: 165.07
• EINECS: 243-813-8
• Product Categories: metal oxide
• Mol File: 20427-56-9.mol
• Article Data: 28

Chemical Properties

• Melting Point: 25.4°
• Boiling Point: bp 40°
• Appearance: White/Crystalline Powder
• Density: 3.290
• Storage Temp.: Refrigerator (+4°C)
• Water Solubility: 2.03g/100mL H2O (20°C); very soluble CCl4, other chlorinated hydrocarbons [MER06] [KIR82]
• Sensitive: heat sensitive, store cold
• Stability: Stable.
• CAS DataBase Reference: RUTHENIUM TETROXIDE(CAS DataBase Reference)
• NIST Chemistry Reference: RUTHENIUM TETROXIDE(20427-56-9)
• EPA Substance Registry System: RUTHENIUM TETROXIDE(20427-56-9)

Safety Data

• Safety Statements: 16-17-36/37/39
• RIDADR: 3139
• HazardClass: 5.1
• PackingGroup: I
• Hazardous Substances Data: 20427-56-9(Hazardous Substances Data)

Usage

Chemical Properties

Ruthenium tetroxide is a golden-yellow volatile solid with an acrid odor, sparingly soluble in water and freely soluble in CCl4, in which it forms stable solutions. In comparison with the analogous compound OsO4, ruthenium tetroxide is a stronger oxidizing agent that reacts violently-resulting in explosion and/or flames-with most common organic solvents such as ether, alcohols, benzene, and pyridine, 1 and also with filter paper. Ruthenium tetroxide is a clear orange to gold colored solution, It sublimes very easily at room temperature, possessing a melting point of 25.4℃ and a boiling point of 40℃ . While it is very soluble in CCl4 and other nonflammable organic solvents, a saturated solution in water at 20℃ reaches a concentration of 2% w/v.

Uses

Ruthenium tetroxide is an oxidizing agent similar to osmium tetroxide, but more difficult to handle. The solvents normally employed in OsO4 oxidations (ether, benzene, pyridine) cannot be used because of their violent reaction with RuO4. Only CCl4 is recommended.

Preparation

Ruthenium tetroxide can be conveniently handled as a carbon tetrachloride solution that is easily prepared by stirring an aqueous solution of sodium periodate NaIO4 with a suspension of hydrated ruthenium dioxide in CCl4. Ruthenium tetroxide partitions between CCl4 and water, resulting in a 60:1 concentration ratio.

Production Methods

Ruthenium(VIII) oxide (ruthenium tetraoxide) RuO4 is formed when an alkaline ruthenium solution is treated with a strong oxidant, such as chlorine, or bromate ion when the Ru is in acid solution.

Toxicity evaluation

Ruthenium tetroxide(RuO4) is a toxic and explosive compound, and, although it is less toxic than OsO4, it must be handled in a well ventilated fume hood using goggles and gloves. It can be destroyed with a sodium bisulfite solution, resulting in the much safer and less toxic ruthenium dioxide, which is a dark insoluble solid with very low vapor pressure.

Upstream product

• 7440-18-8 ruthenium 
• 80937-33-3 oxygen 
• 14380-61-1 hypochlorite 
• 7681-52-9 sodium hypochlorite 
• 10049-08-8 ruthenium(III)chloride 
• 25604-36-8 trans-tetraamminedichlororuthenium(III) 
• 7722-64-7 potassium permanganate 
• 10378-50-4 potassium perrhuthenate 
• 10028-15-6 ozone 
• 14898-67-0 ruthenium(III) chloride trihydrate 
• 7790-28-5 sodium periodate 
• 82371-63-9 Cl₄O₂Ru^(2-) 
• 7732-18-5 water 
• 7782-50-5 chlorine 

Downstream Products

• 7440-18-8 ruthenium 
• 10049-08-8 ruthenium(III)chloride 
• 10378-50-4 potassium perrhuthenate 
• 13896-65-6 ruthenium(III) iodide 
• 12137-44-9 ruthenium (II) oxide 
• 26317-68-0 {RuO}⁽²⁺⁾ 
• 22541-88-4 ruthenium(III) 
• 22541-59-9 ruthenium(II) 
• 14014-88-1 ruthenium(III) bromide 
• 131382-88-2 tetraphenylphosphonium dioxotribromoruthenate(VI) 
• 131412-32-3 tetraphenylarsonium trans-dioxotrichlorotriphenylphosphine oxide ruthenate(VI) 

Relevant articles and documents

Kinetics of Corrosion of Ruthenium Dioxide Hydrate by CeIV Ions

The kinetics of oxidative dissolution of RuO2*xH2O to RuO4 by CeIV ions are studied.Under conditions of a low IV>: ratio (e.g. 0.35:1) and a high background concentration of CeIII ions (which impede dissolution) the initial reduction of CeIV ions is due to charging of the RuO2*xH2O microelectrode particles.The initial rate of charging depends directyl upon and has an activation energy of 25 +/- 5kJ mol-1.Under conditions of a high IV>: (e.g. 9:1) and a low background III> the reduction of CeIV ions is almost totally associated with the dissolution of RuO2*xH2O to RuO4, e.e. not charging.The kinetics of dissolution obey and electrochemical model in which the reduction of CeIV ions and the oxidation of RuO2*xH2O to RuO4 are assumed to be highly reversible and irreversible processes, respectively, mediated by dissolving the microelectrode particles of RuO2*xH2O.Assuming this electrochemical model, from an analysis of the kinetics of dissolution the activation energy for this process was estimated to be 39 +/- 5 kJ mol-1 and the Tafel slope for RuO2*xH2O corrosion was calculated to be 15 mV per decade.The mechanistic implications of these results are discussed.

Oxidative Dissolution of Ruthenium Dioxide Hydrate by Periodate Ions

The results of a kinetic study of the oxidative dissolution of ruthenium dioxide hydrate to ruthenium tetroxide by periodate ions, IO4(1-), in acidic solution are described.The kinetics of dissolution give a good fit to a 'soft-centre' model in which the

The reduction of dioxotetrachlororuthenate(VI) to hexachlororuthenate(IV) in a basic 1-butylpyridinium chloride-aluminium(III) chloride ionic liquid

The anion [RuO2Cl4](2-) is sufficiently stable in a basic [NBupy]Cl-AlCl3 ([NBupy]=1-butylpyridinium) ionic liquid (44.44 mol% AlCl3) at ambienttemperature to enable its solution electronic absorption spectrum to be recorded for the first time, but is slowly reduced (k=1.45E-5 s**-1; t( 1/2)=13.3 h) in a pseudo-first-order process to give predominantly [RuCl6](2-), according to [RuO2Cl4](2-) + 2[AlCl4](-) [RuCl6](2-) + 2 [AlOCl2](-) + Cl2. A by-product of the reduction process was tentatively identified as [Ru2OCl10](4-), and was believed to be formed according to 2[RuO2Cl4](2-) + 3[AlCl4](-) [Ru2OCl10](4-) + 3 [AlOCl2](-) + 2Cl2. This is the first documented irreversible transfer of an oxide ion from an isolable transition metal complex to tetrachloroaluminate in an ambient-temperature ionic liquid.

A study of zeolite NaY-supported ruthenate in the oxidation of alcohols

Sodium ruthenate was supported on zeolite NaY. This compound was found to be an efficient and selective catalyst, with a range of co-oxidants, for the room temperature oxidation of internal and external alcohols to their respective carbonyl products.

Electron Spin Resonance Spectra of the Perruthenate(VII) Ion, (1-)

Electron spin resonance spectra of the (1-) ion A, where A = NPrn4, N(PPh3)2 or PPh4> in frozen glasses of dichloromethane at ca. 90 K have been recorded; for A = NPrn4, gx = 1.93, gy = 1.98 and gz = 2.06.The spectrum of (1-) (and its electronic spectrum) have been interpreted and compared with those of an alkaline aqueous solution containing ruthenium(VII) species.The ESR spectrum of powdered potassium ruthenate(VI), trans-K2, at ca. 90 K was also recorded, and the preparation of , a new salt of (1-), is described.

A comparative study of the ruthenium(VI)dioxocarboxylato salts, [PPh4][RuO2(OCOR)Cl2] (R = CH3, CF3, C6H5, C6F5, C5H11), in the oxidation of alcohols

The compounds [PPh4][Ru(O)2(OCOR)Cl2] (R = CH3 1a, CF3 1b, C6H5 1c, C6F5 1d, C5H11 1e) were prepared and fully characterised. The fluorinated compounds 1b and 1d were obtained in significantly higher yields than their protonated analogues 1a and 1c and compound 1b was found to be a clearly superior stoichiometric oxidant to compound 1a. The compounds 1a-1e were examined as catalytic oxidants for the oxidation of 1- and 2-hexanol, to hexanal and 2-hexanone respectively, with the co-oxidants H2O2, NaOCl, t-BuOOH, N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide, Me3NO, O2, C6H5IO and Bu4NIO4. Compounds 1c and 1d were further studied in the catalytic oxidation of a wide range of alcohols (using N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide and Bu4NIO4 as co-oxidants) and found to give the corresponding aldehydes or ketones very selectively, with no attack on sensitive linkages or functional groups and no over-oxidation products. Compounds 1c and 1d were also supported on poly(4-vinylpyridine) to give active catalysts.

Structural and Magnetic Studies of ABO4-Type Ruthenium and Osmium Oxides

Oxides of the form ABO4 with A = K, Rb, Cs and B = Ru and Os have been synthesized and characterized by diffraction and magnetic techniques. For A = K the oxides adopted the tetragonal (I41/a) scheelite structure. RbOsO4, which crystallizes as a scheelite at room temperature, underwent a continuous phase transition to I41/amd near 550 K. RbRuO4 and CsOsO4 were found to crystallize in the orthorhombic (Pnma) pseudoscheelite structure, and both displayed discontinuous phase transitions to I41/a at high temperatures. CsOsO4 was determined to undergo a phase transition to a P21/c structure below 140 K. CsRuO4 crystallizes with a baryte-type structure at room temperature. Upon heating CsRuO4 a first order phase transition to the scheelite structure in I41/a is observed at 400 K. A continuous phase transition is observed to P212121 below 140 K. DC magnetic susceptibility data is consistent with long-range antiferromagnetic ordering at low temperatures for all compounds except for CsOsO4, which is paramagnetic to 2 K. The effective magnetic moments are in agreement with the spin only values for an S = 1/2 quantum magnet. Effective magnetic moments calculated for Os compounds were lower than their Ru counterparts, reflective of an enhanced spin orbit coupling effect. A magnetic structure is proposed for RbRuO4 consisting of predominately antiferromagnetic (AFM) ordering along the 001 direction, with canting of spins in the 100 plane. A small ordered magnetic moment of 0.77 μB was determined.

Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of novel oxysterols from lanosterol

Chemically diverse oxysterols and their synthetic manipulations were carried out from variety of Δ8(9)-lanosterol derivatives and evaluated for their in vitro antimicrobial activities. Most of the synthesized oxysterols exhibited significant antifungal activity against the tested strains.