25412-75-3Relevant articles and documents
A to prepare to aminobenzoic amidine hydrochloride method
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Paragraph 0037-0039, (2017/02/02)
The invention relates to the technical field of pharmaceutical chemistry and provides a method for preparing p-amino-benzamidine hydrochloride. The method comprises the following steps: (1) p-nitrobenzonitfile II undergoes an amidining reaction in an amidining reagent I to obtain an intermediate p-nitrobenzene methylenimine III; (2) the intermediate p-nitrobenzene methylenimine III undergoes an amidining reaction in an amidining reagent II to obtain p-nitrobenzamidine IV; and (3) under an acidic condition, p-nitrobenzamidine IV undergoes a reduction reaction in a reaction solvent II by the use of a reducing agent to obtain p-amino-benzamidine hydrochloride. In the step (1), the amidining reagent I is thionyl chloride, phosphorus trichloride or phosphorus pentachloride; in the step (2), the amidining reagent II is ammonium carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate or ammonium chloride; and in the step (3), the reaction solvent II is a mixed solvent of water and alcohols. The synthetic method provided by the invention is safe and simple and has advantages of high yield and good product quality. The preparation method of p-amino-benzamidine hydrochloride is suitable for industrial production.
Electrochemical and mARC-catalyzed enzymatic reduction of para-substituted benzamidoximes: Consequences for the prodrug concept "amidoximes instead of amidines"
Bauch, Eva,Reichmann, Debora,Mendel, Ralf-Rainer,Bittner, Florian,Manke, Anne-Marie,Kurz, Philipp,Girreser, Ulrich,Havemeyer, Antje,Clement, Bernd
, p. 360 - 367 (2015/02/05)
The mitochondrial amidoxime reducing component (mARC) activates amidoxime prodrugs by reduction to the corresponding amidine drugs. This study analyzes relationships between the chemical structure of the prodrug and its metabolic activation and compares its enzyme-mediated vs. electrochemical reduction. The enzyme kinetic parameters KM and Vmax for the N-reduction of ten para-substituted derivatives of the model compound benzamidoxime were determined by incubation with recombinant proteins and subcellular fractions from pig liver followed by quantification of the metabolites by HPLC. A clear influence of the substituents at position 4 on the chemical properties of the amidoxime function was confirmed by correlation analyses of 1H NMR chemical shifts and the redox potentials of the 4-substituted benzamidoximes with Hammett's σ. However, no clear relationship between the kinetic parameters for the enzymatic reduction and Hammett's σ or the lipophilicity could be found. It is thus concluded that these properties as well as the redox potential of the amidoxime can be largely ignored during the development of new amidoxime prodrugs, at least regarding prodrug activation.
Structural and biochemical basis for the firm chemo- and regioselectivity of the nitro-forming N-oxygenase AurF
Fries, Alexander,Winkler, Robert,Hertweck, Christian
scheme or table, p. 7760 - 7762 (2010/11/19)
Site-directed mutagenesis based on the crystal structure of AurF, a nitro group forming monooxygenase from Streptomyces thioluteus, revealed that AurF variants are capable of selectively transforming guanidyl- and amidinyl-substituted anilines into the corresponding nitro compounds. Our results provide new insights into the biochemical basis of regioselective N-oxygenation. The Royal Society of Chemistry.