32221-81-1 Usage
Description
Monosodium glutamate, known as MSG, is the sodium salt of the amino acid glutamic acid present in all protein. It is marketed as a white crystalline salt used to enhance fl avor as the monohydrate, C5H8NNaO4 H2O.There are two forms of glutamic acid: L-glutamic acid and D-glutamic acid. The natural glutamic acid found in humans and other higher organism is L-glutamic acid only, whereas processed monosodium glutamate contains both L-glutamic acid and D-glutamic acid along with pyroglutamic acid (C5H7NO3) and other contaminants.
Monosodium glutamate(MSG) is odorless and has little flavor. It works synergistically with other substances found in food proteins such as the nucleotides disodium 5'-inosine monophosphate (IMP) and disodium 5'-guanosine monophosphate (GMP), to produce a pleasing savory taste.
Chemical Properties
white crystalline solid
History
The use of Monosodium glutamate(MSG) as a flavor enhancer is attributed to Kikunae Ikeda (1864 1936), a chemistry professor from Tokyo Imperial University. Ikeda patented Monosodium glutamate(MSG) as a flavor enhancer along with processes used to produce it. The isolated glutamic acid was then purified and converted to MSG. The use of Monosodium glutamate(MSG) as a flavor enhancer began in Japan and Asia, but widespread use of the compound in the United States did not occur until after World War II. Ajinomoto started manufacturing Monosodium glutamate(MSG) in the United States in 1956 (Ajinomoto became affiliated with Kraft General Foods in 1973).
Uses
Different sources of media describe the Uses of 32221-81-1 differently. You can refer to the following data:
1. The safety of manufactured Monosodium glutamate(MSG) has been questioned for the last several decades. Conditions associated with Monosodium glutamate(MSG) symptom complex included numbness in the back of the neck, radiating to the arms; warmth and fatigue in the head, upper back, neck, and arms; facial pressure or tightness; chest pain; headache; nausea; and heart palpitations. There does not seem to be an absolute consensus on the safety of MSG, but for the most part Monosodium glutamate(MSG) is considered safe if consumed in normal quantities. An acceptable daily intake level is not cited by government regulators, but the average person consumes between 0.3 and 1.0 gram of Monosodium glutamate(MSG) daily. Estimates of annual global production of Monosodium glutamate(MSG) range between several hundred thousand tons to as high as 1 million tons. Although practically all Monosodium glutamate(MSG) produced is used in the food industry, a small portion is used for agricultural feed supplements (for swine), pesticides, and pharmaceuticals.
2. Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is a flavor enhancer that is the sodium salt of glutamic acid, an amino acid. It is a white crystal that is readily soluble in water. It intensifies and enhances flavor but does not contribute a flavor of its own. It may be present as one of the amino acids or in a free form, which is how it effectively enhances the flavor of foods. It is produced through a fermentation process of molasses. It is used at 0.1–1.0% in meats, soups, and sauces.
Definition
A white crystalline
solid compound, made from
soya-bean protein. It is a sodium salt of
glutamic acid used as a
flavor enhancer, particularly in Chinese cuisine. Monosodium glutamate can cause
an allergic reaction in people who are ultrasensitive
to it.
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 32221-81-1 includes 8 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 5 digits, 3,2,2,2 and 1 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 8 and 1 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 32221-81:
(7*3)+(6*2)+(5*2)+(4*2)+(3*1)+(2*8)+(1*1)=71
71 % 10 = 1
So 32221-81-1 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/C5H9NO4.Na/c6-3(5(9)10)1-2-4(7)8;/h3H,1-2,6H2,(H,7,8)(H,9,10);/q;+1/p-1
32221-81-1Relevant articles and documents
CATALYTIC POTENCY OF FUNCTIONALIZED (2,5)PYRIDINOPHANES AS NEW PYRIDOXAL MODEL COMPOUNDS
Iwata, Masaaki,Kuzuhara, Hiroyoshi
, p. 5 - 6 (1981)
Catalytic activities of new model compounds, 1a-c, 2, and 3, for the racemization of monosodium L-glutamate were shown to be more potent, ca. 1.5 fold, than that of pyridoxal, and catalyst, 1a, was stable enough to show no decomposition throughout the reaction.
Silicon nanowire photocathodes for light-driven electroenzymatic synthesis
Lee, Sahng Ha,Ryu, Gyeong Min,Nam, Dong Heon,Kim, Jae Hong,Park, Chan Beum
, p. 3007 - 3011 (2015/09/28)
The photoelectroenzymatic synthesis of chemical compounds employing platinum nanoparticle-decorated silicon nanowires (Pt-SiNWs) is presented. The Pt-SiNWs proved to be an efficient material for photoelectrochemical cofactor regeneration because the silicon nanowires absorbs a wide range of the solar spectrum while the platinum nanoparticle serve as an excellent catalyst for electron and proton transfer. By integrating the platform with redox enzymatic reaction, visible-light-driven electroenzymatic synthesis of L-glutamate was achieved. Compared to electrochemical and photochemical methods, this approach is free from side reactions caused by sacrificial electron donors and has the advantage of applying low potential to realize energy-efficient and sustainable synthesis of chemicals by a photoelectroenzymatic system.
