352-97-6Relevant articles and documents
Biosynthesis of a New Fusaoctaxin Virulence Factor in Fusarium graminearum Relies on a Distinct Path to Form a Guanidinoacetyl Starter Unit Priming Nonribosomal Octapeptidyl Assembly
Chen, Dandan,Liu, Wen,Tang, Haoyu,Tang, Weihua,Tang, Zhijun,Wang, Wanqiu,Xue, Yufeng
, p. 19719 - 19730 (2021/11/30)
Fusarium graminearum is a pathogenic fungus causing huge economic losses worldwide via crop infection leading to yield reduction and grain contamination. The process through which the fungal invasion occurs remains poorly understood. We recently characterized fusaoctaxin A in F. graminearum, where this octapeptide virulence factor results from an assembly line encoded in fg3_54, a gene cluster proved to be involved in fungal pathogenicity and host adaptation. Focusing on genes in this cluster that are related to fungal invasiveness but not to the biosynthesis of fusaoctaxin A, we here report the identification and characterization of fusaoctaxin B, a new octapeptide virulence factor with comparable activity in wheat infection. Fusaoctaxin B differs from fusaoctaxin A at the N-terminus by possessing a guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) unit, formation of which depends on the combined activities of the protein products of fgm1-3. Fgm1 is a cytochrome P450 protein that oxygenates l-Arg to 4(R)-hydroxyl-l-Arg in a regio- and stereoselective manner. Then, Cβ-Cγ bond cleavage proceeds in the presence of Fgm3, a pyridoxal-5′-phosphate-dependent lyase, giving guanidinoacetaldehyde and l-Ala. Rather than being directly oxidized to GAA, the guanidine-containing aldehyde undergoes spontaneous cyclization and subsequent enzymatic dehydrogenation to provide glycociamidine, which is linearized by Fgm2, a metallo-dependent amidohydrolase. The GAA path in F. graminearum is distinct from that previously known to involve l-Arg:l-Gly aminidotransferase activity. To provide this nonproteinogenic starter unit that primes nonribosomal octapeptidyl assembly, F. graminearum employs new chemistry to process l-Arg through inert C-H bond activation, selective C-C bond cleavage, cyclization-based alcohol dehydrogenation, and amidohydrolysis-associated linearization.
Synthesis method for glycocyamine with high purity and high yield
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Paragraph 0016, (2016/12/01)
The invention discloses a synthesis method for glycocyamine with high purity and high yield. The synthesis method comprises the following steps: (1) adding glycine and a solvent into a reaction vessel, stirring at room temperature till glycine is dissolved completely, and adding liquid ammonia to adjust the pH value of the solution to be 10 to 11; (2) heating the mixed solution obtained in the step (1) to 55 to 60 DEG C, adding 50% hydrogen cyanamide aqueous solution into the reaction vessel slowly, stirring for 2 to 4 hours for reaction, carrying out vacuum suction filtration after the reaction is finished, and washing filter cake with filtrate to obtain a crude product of glycocyamine; (3) adding the crude product of glycocyamine obtained in the step (2) and DMF into another reaction vessel, heating to 30 to 40 DEG C, stirring for 0.5 hour, cooling to 0 DEG C, carrying out suction filtration, washing filter cake with DMF, and drying to obtain glycocyamine. The preparation method provided by the invention is simple in technology, short in production period, mild in reaction conditions, less in three wastes, high in product purity and yield, and relatively high in economical efficiency and environmental friendliness, thereby being suitable for industrialized production.
Meteorites as catalysts for prebiotic chemistry
Saladino, Raffaele,Botta, Giorgia,Delfino, Michela,Di Mauro, Ernesto
, p. 16916 - 16922 (2014/01/06)
From outer space: Twelve meteorite specimens, representative of their major classes, catalyse the synthesis of nucleobases, carboxylic acids, aminoacids and low-molecular-weight compounds from formamide (see figure). Different chemical pathways are identified, the yields are high for a prebiotic process and the products come in rich and composite panels.