3748-84-3Relevant articles and documents
Cobalt-Catalyzed C(sp2)-H Borylation: Mechanistic Insights Inspire Catalyst Design
Obligacion, Jennifer V.,Semproni, Scott P.,Pappas, Iraklis,Chirik, Paul J.
supporting information, p. 10645 - 10653 (2016/09/04)
A comprehensive study into the mechanism of bis(phosphino)pyridine (PNP) cobalt-catalyzed C-H borylation of 2,6-lutidine using B2Pin2 (Pin = pinacolate) has been conducted. The experimentally observed rate law, deuterium kinetic isotope effects, and identification of the catalyst resting state support turnover limiting C-H activation from a fully characterized cobalt(I) boryl intermediate. Monitoring the catalytic reaction as a function of time revealed that borylation of the 4-position of the pincer in the cobalt catalyst was faster than arene borylation. Cyclic voltammetry established the electron withdrawing influence of 4-BPin, which slows the rate of C-H oxidative addition and hence overall catalytic turnover. This mechanistic insight inspired the next generation of 4-substituted PNP cobalt catalysts with electron donating and sterically blocking methyl and pyrrolidinyl substituents that exhibited increased activity for the C-H borylation of unactivated arenes. The rationally designed catalysts promote effective turnover with stoichiometric quantities of arene substrate and B2Pin2. Kinetic studies on the improved catalyst, 4-(H)2BPin, established a change in turnover limiting step from C-H oxidative addition to C-B reductive elimination. The iridium congener of the optimized cobalt catalyst, 6-(H)2BPin, was prepared and crystallographically characterized and proved inactive for C-H borylation, a result of the high kinetic barrier for reductive elimination from octahedral Ir(III) complexes.
Process for producing 2,3,5-collidine and/or 2,3,5,6-tetramethylpyridine
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, (2008/06/13)
Process for producing 2,3,5-collidine and/or 2,3,5,6-tetramethylpyridine which is characterized by reacting 3,5-lutidine as the starting material with an aliphatic alcohol having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, in the presence of a catalyst for hydrogenation at a temperature of 200° C. or higher. The above-mentioned 2,3,5-collidine and/or 2,3,5,6-tetramethylpyridine are important compounds as intermediates for synthesizing various pharmaceutical chemicals.
