40137-12-0Relevant articles and documents
Conjugate Addition Reactions of α,β-Unsaturated Ketones with Higher Order, Mixed Organocuprate Reagents, R2Cu(CN)Li2
Lipshutz, Bruce H.,Wilhelm, Robert S.,Kozlowski, Joseph A.
, p. 3938 - 3942 (1984)
Conjugate reactions of mixed cuprates R2Cu(CN)Li2 with α,β-unsaturated ketones are reported.These reagents, in most cases, react extremely rapidly affording the corresponding alkylated ketones in high yields.Attempts at trapping the intermediate enolates appeared to be successful using MeI as electrophile; however, the method is not general and was, therefore, not pursued.The effects of solvent and ligand composition on R2Cu(CN)Li2 as well as on the more highly mixed species RTRRCu(CN)Li2 have been examined.The selectivity of ligand transfer in these latter,second generation organocuprates is also discussed.
Development and optimization of halogenated vinyl sulfones as Nrf2 activators for the treatment of Parkinson's disease
Choi, Ji Won,Kim, Siwon,Yoo, Jong Seok,Kim, Hyeon Jeong,Kim, Hyeon Ji,Kim, Byung Eun,Lee, Elijah Hwejin,Lee, Yong Sup,Park, Jong-Hyun,Park, Ki Duk
, (2021/01/06)
The Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)-Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway plays a pivotal role in the cellular defense system against oxidative stress by inducing antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. We previously developed Nrf2 activators that potentially protect the death of dopaminergic (DAergic) neuronal cells against oxidative stress in Parkinson's disease (PD). In this study, we designed and synthesized a class of halogenated vinyl sulfones by inserting halogens and pyridine to maximize Nrf2 activation efficacy. Among the synthesized compounds, (E)-3-chloro-2-(2-((2-chlorophenyl)sulfonyl)vinyl)pyridine (9d) significantly exhibited potent Nrf2 activating efficacy (9d: EC50 = 26 nM) at least 10-fold compared with the previous developed compounds (1 and 2). Furthermore, treating with 9d remarkably increased Nrf2 nuclear translocation and Nrf2 protein levels in microglial BV-2 cells. 9d was shown to induce the expression of antioxidant response genes HO-1, GCLC, GCLM, and SOD-1 at both the mRNA and protein levels and suppress proinflammatory cytokines and enzymes. Also, 9d remarkably protected DAergic neurons and restored the PD-associated motor dysfunction in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced mouse model.