4376-20-9Relevant articles and documents
Novel miRNA biomarkers for genotoxicity screening in mouse
Oka, Hiroyuki,Masuno, Koichi,Uehara, Takeki,Okamoto, Toru,Matsuura, Yoshiharu,Nakano, Toru,Yamaguchi, Shinpei
, p. 68 - 75 (2018)
The genotoxic potential of drugs is a serious problem, and its evaluation is one of the most critical processes of drug development. Although the comet assay of compound-exposed tissue is a frequently used genotoxicity test, its high false-positive rate is a major complication, and we consistently obtained false-positive results using the comet assay of mouse liver for nine hepatotoxic non-genotoxins (NGTXs). To identify novel genotoxin (GTX)-specific biomarkers, we screened the expression of 750 microRNAs (miRNAs) in the livers of mice treated with GTXs or NGTXs. Three miRNAs, miR-22-3p, miR-409-3p, and miR-543-3p, were significantly down-regulated in GTX-treated mouse liver. In contrast, these three miRNAs were significantly up-regulated in plasma. A discrimination model based on the expression levels of these biomarkers successfully identified GTXs and NGTXs. This novel biomarker expression-based discrimination model analysis using both liver and plasma is effective for detecting genotoxicity with high sensitivity and reliability to support drug development.
Synthesis of monoesters and diesters using eco-friendly solid acid catalysts - Cerium(IV) and thorium(IV) phosphates
Parangi, Tarun,Wani, Bina,Chudasama, Uma
, p. 430 - 438 (2013/09/23)
In the present endeavour, amorphous cerium phosphate (CP) and thorium phosphate (TP) have been synthesized by sol-gel method and also under microwave irradiation to yield CPM and TPM. CP, TP, CPM and TPM have been characterized for elemental analysis (ICP-AES), spectral analysis (FTIR), thermal analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction studies, SEM, EDX, surface area (BET) and surface acidity (NH3-TPD). The potential use of these materials as solid acid catalysts has been explored by studying esterification as a model reaction. Monoesters such as ethyl acetate (EA), propyl acetate (PA), butyl acetate (BA), benzyl acetate (BzAc) and diesters such as diethyl malonate (DEM), diethyl succinate (DES), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), dioctyl phthalate (DOP) have been synthesized. Esterification conditions have been optimized by varying several parameters such as reaction time, catalyst amount and mole ratio of reagents. The catalytic activity has been compared and correlated with reference to surface acidity of the catalysts. It is found that catalytic activity of CPM > CP > TP M > TP. The regenerated catalysts could be reused upto two catalytic runs without significant loss in % yields of esters formed. The highlighting feature of the present work is the catalysts CPM and TPM that are synthesized in a much shorter reaction time with higher surface acidity giving good % yield of esters.
Monitoring of phthalic acid monoesters in river water by solid-phase extraction and GC-MS determination
Suzuki,Yaguchi,Suzuki,Suga
, p. 3757 - 3763 (2007/10/03)
An analytical method for monitoring 10 phthalic acid monoesters in river water was investigated by solid-phase extraction, methylation with diazomethane, and GC-MS. Two cartridge-type solid phases packed with octadesyl-coated silica (C18) and styrenedivinyl polymer (PS-2) and one disk-type solid phase made from octadesyl-coated styrene-divinylbenzene polymer (SDB-XD) were investigated in solid-phase extraction. PS-2 gave the highest recoveries of the three solid phases, and recoveries of more than 80% of the monoesters in filtered water samples were obtained at pH 2 to 3 with PS-2 at the spiked level of 0.1 μg L-1, except for monomethyl-phthalate (MMP), in which more than 72% of the monoesters were recovered. For the monoesters in the suspended solids (SS), an acidic methanol extract of SS was added to purified water acidified to pH 2, and the monoesters were extracted with PS-2. The recoveries of the monoesters in SS were more than 80%, but the recoveries of MMP were more than 57%. The method detection limit (MDL) of each phthalic acid monoester in 500 mL of water sample and in 2 mg of dry weight of SS ranged from 0.010 to 0.030 μg L-1 and from 1 to 11 μg g-1 respectively. Monitoring of phthalic acid monoesters in the Tama River in Tokyo was conducted every month from March 1999 to February 2000 using the present method. MMP, mono-n-butyl-phthalate (MBP), and mono-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate (MEHP) were detected at concentrations of 0.030-0.0340, 0.010-0.480, and 0.010-1.30 μg L-1. respectively, in the filtered water samples but were not detected in SS. Dimethyl-phthalate (DMP), di-n-butyl-phthalate (DBP), and di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate (DEHP) were detected in the river water at concentrations of 0.010-0.092, 0.008-0.540, and 0.013-3.60 μg L-1, respectively. Diethyl-, di-iso-butyl-, and benzylbutyl-phthalates were also detected at concentrations of nanograms per liter, whereas the corresponding monoesters did not appear. The concentrations of MBP and MEHP in the river water were slightly lower than those of the corresponding diesters at the majority of sampling sites and sampling times.
