4733-39-5

Basic information

• Product Name: Bathocuproine
• Synonyms: Bathocuproine subliMed grade, 99.99% trace Metals basis;Bathocuproin SynonyMs 2,9-DiMethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline;TIMTEC-BB SBB008863;2-DIMETHYL-4,7-DIPHENYL-1,10-PHENANTHROLINE;2,9-DIMETHYL-4,7-DIPHENYL-1,10-PHENANTHROLINE;4,7-DIPHENYL-2,9-DIMETHYL-1,10-PHENANTHROLINE;BATHOCUPROIN;BATHOCUPROINE
• CAS NO: 4733-39-5
• Molecular Formula: C₂₆H₂₀N₂
• Molecular Weight: 360.45
• EINECS: 225-240-5
• Product Categories: Industrial/Fine Chemicals;electronic;Electronic Chemicals;Analytical Chemistry;Chelating Reagents;Electroluminescence;Functional Materials;Highly Purified Reagents;Other Categories;Phenanthrolines;Refined Products by Sublimation;oled materials;fine chemicals, specialty chemicals, intermediates, electronic chemical, organic synthesis, functional materials
• Mol File: 4733-39-5.mol
• Article Data: 2

Chemical Properties

• Melting Point: 279-283 °C(lit.)
• Boiling Point: 482.47°C (rough estimate)
• Flash Point: 231 ºC
• Appearance: Yellow/Powder
• Density: 1.2408 (rough estimate)
• Vapor Pressure: 7.38E-11mmHg at 25°C
• Refractive Index: 1.7620 (estimate)
• Storage Temp.: Sealed in dry,Room Temperature
• Solubility: Benzene (Slightly, Heated), DMSO (Slightly, Heated), Methanol (Slightly, Heated)
• PKA: 5.88±0.30(Predicted)
• Water Solubility: Soluble in methanol (36mg/100ml), ethanol, 2-propanol, bezene, and acetone. Partly miscible in water.
• BRN: 306714
• CAS DataBase Reference: Bathocuproine(CAS DataBase Reference)
• NIST Chemistry Reference: Bathocuproine(4733-39-5)
• EPA Substance Registry System: Bathocuproine(4733-39-5)

Safety Data

• Hazard Codes: Xn
• Statements: 22-36/37/38-20/21/22
• Safety Statements: 24/25-36-26-37/39
• WGK Germany: 3
• TSCA: Yes
• Hazardous Substances Data: 4733-39-5(Hazardous Substances Data)

Usage

Classification

Electron-transport layer materials, Electron-injection layer materials, Hole-blocking layer materials, OFET, OLED, Organic Photovoltaics, Perovskite solar cells, Sublimed materials.

Applications

2,9-Dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline, also known as Bathocuproine (BCP), is a wide-band-gap material and has a high electron affinity. When it is embedded into organic electronic devices, bathocuproine acts as an exciton-blocking barrier which prohibits exciton diffusion process towards the Al electrode otherwise being quenched. One of the most commonly used buffer layer between acceptor and cathode layers is bathocuproine. The introduction of the buffer layer can greatly improve the PCE of polymer organic solar cells. BCP is one of the most popular hole-blocking layer materials that is used in organic electronics, including perovskite solar cells. It was demonstrated that a BCP buffer layer reduces nonradiative recombination of excitons at the C60 –Al interface. Its most important function is to establish an Ohmic contact between the C60 film and the Al electrode in photovoltaic devices.

Description

Bathocuproine (BCP) is a wide-band-gap material and has a high electron affinity. When it is embedded into organic electronic devices, bathocuproine acts as an exciton-blocking barrier?which prohibits exciton diffusion process?towards the Al electrode otherwise being quenched. One of the most commonly used buffer layer between acceptor and cathode layers is?bathocuproine. The introduction of the buffer layer can greatly improve the PCE of polymer organic solar cells.?BCP is one of the most popular hole-blocking layer materials that is used in organic electronics, including perovskite solar cells.

Chemical Properties

Yellow powder

Uses

Different sources of media describe the Uses of 4733-39-5 differently. You can refer to the following data:
1. It is used as a reagent for the determination of copper. It acts as an exciton blocking barrier which prohibits excitons diffusion process towards the Al electrode otherwise being quenched. It is the most commonly used buffer layer between acceptor and cathode layer.
2. Bathocuproine is used as a reagent for the determination of copper. It acts as an exciton blocking barrier which prohibits excitons diffusion process towards the Al electrode otherwise being quenched. It is the most commonly used buffer layer between acceptor and cathode layer.

General Description

TGA/DSC Lot specific scans available upon request

Purification Methods

Purify it by recrystallisation from *benzene. [Smith & Wilkins Anal Chem 25 510 1953, Beilstein 23 III/IV 2160.]

InChI:InChI=1/C26H20N2/c1-17-15-23(19-9-5-3-6-10-19)21-13-14-22-24(20-11-7-4-8-12-20)16-18(2)28-26(22)25(21)27-17/h3-16H,1-2H3

Synthetic route

2,9-dimethyl 4,7-dichloro-1,10-phenanthroline + phenylboronic acid (98-80-6) → Bathocuproine (4733-39-5)

Conditions	Yield
With tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium(0); potassium carbonate In tetrahydrofuran; water for 24h; Suzuki-Miyaura Coupling; Reflux; Inert atmosphere;	98%

2-methyl-8-nitro-4-phenyl-quinoline (70205-01-5) → Bathocuproine (4733-39-5)

Conditions	Yield
Hydrogenation.Erhitzen des erhaltenen Amins mit 1-Phenyl-but-2-en-1-on, sirupoese H3PO4 und H3AsO4;

1-phenylbut-2-en-1-one (495-41-0) → Bathocuproine (4733-39-5)

Conditions	Yield
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps 1: arsenic acid; zinc-chloride; aqueous hydrochloric acid 2: Hydrogenation.Erhitzen des erhaltenen Amins mit 1-Phenyl-but-2-en-1-on, sirupoese H3PO4 und H3AsO4 View Scheme

2-nitro-aniline (88-74-4) → Bathocuproine (4733-39-5)

Conditions	Yield
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps 1: arsenic acid; zinc-chloride; aqueous hydrochloric acid 2: Hydrogenation.Erhitzen des erhaltenen Amins mit 1-Phenyl-but-2-en-1-on, sirupoese H3PO4 und H3AsO4 View Scheme

1,2-diamino-benzene (95-54-5) → Bathocuproine (4733-39-5)

Conditions	Yield
Multi-step reaction with 4 steps 1.1: 0.25 h / Reflux 1.2: 2 h / Reflux 2.1: diphenylether / 0.67 h / 240 - 260 °C 3.1: trichlorophosphate / 3.5 h / 90 °C / Inert atmosphere 4.1: potassium carbonate; tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium(0) / water; tetrahydrofuran / 24 h / Reflux; Inert atmosphere View Scheme

5,5'-((1,2-phenylenebis(azanediyl))bis(ethan-1-yl-1-ylidene))bis(2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxane-4,6-dione) (1311162-31-8) → Bathocuproine (4733-39-5)

Conditions	Yield
Multi-step reaction with 3 steps 1: diphenylether / 0.67 h / 240 - 260 °C 2: trichlorophosphate / 3.5 h / 90 °C / Inert atmosphere 3: potassium carbonate; tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium(0) / water; tetrahydrofuran / 24 h / Reflux; Inert atmosphere View Scheme

C37H25MnN6O4 → carbon monoxide (201230-82-2) + Bathocuproine (4733-39-5) + 4-(1H-1,2,3,4-tetrazol-5-yl)benzaldehyde (74815-22-8)

Conditions	Yield
In dichloromethane UV-irradiation;

C36H25MnN6O3 → 5-Phenyl-1H-tetrazole (18039-42-4) + carbon monoxide (201230-82-2) + Bathocuproine (4733-39-5)

Conditions	Yield
In dichloromethane UV-irradiation;

C35H24MnN7O3 → 3-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)pyridine (3250-74-6) + carbon monoxide (201230-82-2) + Bathocuproine (4733-39-5)

Conditions	Yield
In dichloromethane UV-irradiation;

C35H24MnN7O3 → 5-(4-pyridyl)tetrazole (14389-12-9) + carbon monoxide (201230-82-2) + Bathocuproine (4733-39-5)

Conditions	Yield
In dichloromethane UV-irradiation;

C37H24MnN7O3 → 5-(4-cyanophenyl)tetrazole (14389-10-7) + carbon monoxide (201230-82-2) + Bathocuproine (4733-39-5)

Conditions	Yield
In dichloromethane UV-irradiation;

tetrakis(actonitrile)copper(I) hexafluorophosphate (64443-05-6) + Bathocuproine (4733-39-5) + bis[2-(diphenylphosphino)phenyl] ether (166330-10-5) → 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline bis[(2-diphenyl-phosphino)phenyl]ether copper(I) hexafluorophosphate (1421057-27-3)

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: tetrakis(actonitrile)copper(I) hexafluorophosphate; bis[2-(diphenylphosphino)phenyl] ether In dichloromethane at 20℃; for 2h; Inert atmosphere; Stage #2: Bathocuproine In dichloromethane for 1h; Inert atmosphere;	99%
Stage #1: tetrakis(actonitrile)copper(I) hexafluorophosphate; bis[2-(diphenylphosphino)phenyl] ether In dichloromethane at 20℃; for 2h; Inert atmosphere; Stage #2: Bathocuproine In dichloromethane for 1h;	91%
Stage #1: tetrakis(actonitrile)copper(I) hexafluorophosphate; bis[2-(diphenylphosphino)phenyl] ether In dichloromethane Schlenk technique; Reflux; Stage #2: Bathocuproine In dichloromethane at 20℃; Schlenk technique; Reflux;	85%
Stage #1: tetrakis(actonitrile)copper(I) hexafluorophosphate; bis[2-(diphenylphosphino)phenyl] ether In dichloromethane at 20℃; for 2h; Stage #2: Bathocuproine In dichloromethane at 20℃; for 1h;	43.8%
Stage #1: tetrakis(actonitrile)copper(I) hexafluorophosphate; bis[2-(diphenylphosphino)phenyl] ether In dichloromethane at 20℃; Stage #2: Bathocuproine In dichloromethane at 20℃;

tetrakis(actonitrile)copper(I) hexafluorophosphate (64443-05-6) + Bathocuproine (4733-39-5) + nixantphos → [Cu(bathocuproine)(4,6-bis(diphenylphosphino)-10H-phenoxazine)]PF6 (1421057-56-8)

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: tetrakis(actonitrile)copper(I) hexafluorophosphate; nixantphos In dichloromethane Schlenk technique; Reflux; Stage #2: Bathocuproine In dichloromethane at 20℃; Schlenk technique; Reflux;	99%
Stage #1: tetrakis(actonitrile)copper(I) hexafluorophosphate; nixantphos In dichloromethane at 20℃; Stage #2: Bathocuproine In dichloromethane at 20℃;

Bathocuproine (4733-39-5) + palladium diacetate (3375-31-3) → (2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline)palladium(II) acetate (152506-88-2)

Conditions	Yield
With air In dichloromethane at 20℃;	98%
In dichloromethane pptn. from diethyl ether;	96%
In dichloromethane at 30℃; for 3h; Inert atmosphere;	96%

NiCl2(bathocuproine) (120763-13-5) + Bathocuproine (4733-39-5) → C52H40N4Ni(1+)*Cl(1-)

Conditions	Yield
With cyclohexa-1,4-diene In acetonitrile Irradiation; Photolysis; Inert atmosphere; Glovebox;	98%

[(η5-4,7-Me2C9H5)Mo(CO)2(NCMe)2][BF4] + Bathocuproine (4733-39-5) → [(η5-4,7-Me2C9H5)-Mo(CO)2(2,9-Me2-4,7-Ph2-phen)][BF4]

Conditions	Yield
In dichloromethane at 20℃; Inert atmosphere; Schlenk technique;	98%

ammonium hexafluorophosphate + rhenium(I) pentacarbonyl chloride (14099-01-5) + 2,6-dimethylphenyl isonitrile (119072-54-7, 2769-71-3) + Bathocuproine (4733-39-5) → fac-[Re(CO)3(2,6-dimethylphenylisocyanide)(2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline)](PF6) (850813-85-3)

Conditions	Yield
With AgCF3SO3 In ethanol byproducts: AgCl; addn. of Re(CO)5Cl to Me2Ph2-phen, addn. EtOH, reflux for 2 h; pptn., filtration at room temp., drying (vac.) for 3 h; addn. of AgCF3SO3 and EtOH, reflux for 4 h; cooling, pptn., filtration, addn. Me2C6H3NC/EtOH; reflux for 3 h; concn., addn. aq. NH4PF6; dilution with water, pptn., filtration, drying in vac. oven, elem. anal.;	97%

(1,2-dimethoxyethane)dichloronickel(II) (29046-78-4) + Bathocuproine (4733-39-5) → NiCl2(bathocuproine) (120763-13-5)

Conditions	Yield
In tetrahydrofuran at 23℃; for 10h; Inert atmosphere; Glovebox;	96%

Bathocuproine (4733-39-5) + palladium diacetate (3375-31-3) → (2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline)-palladium(II) acetate

Conditions	Yield
In dichloromethane at 20℃; for 3h;	96%

(9,9-dimethyl-9H-xanthene-4,5-diyl)bis(dicyclohexylphosphane) + tetrakis(actonitrile)copper(I) hexafluorophosphate (64443-05-6) + Bathocuproine (4733-39-5) → [Cu(bathocuproine)((9,9-dimethyl-9H-xanthene-4,5-diyl)bis(dicyclohexylphosphine))]PF6 (1421057-52-4)

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: (9,9-dimethyl-9H-xanthene-4,5-diyl)bis(dicyclohexylphosphane); tetrakis(actonitrile)copper(I) hexafluorophosphate In dichloromethane Schlenk technique; Reflux; Stage #2: Bathocuproine In dichloromethane at 20℃; Schlenk technique; Reflux;	95%

Bathocuproine (4733-39-5) → 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline-2,9-dicarboxylic acid

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: Bathocuproine With selenium(IV) oxide In 1,4-dioxane; water for 3h; Reflux; Stage #2: With nitric acid for 3h; Reflux;	94%
With dihydrogen peroxide at 80℃; for 8h;	80%
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps 1: 76 percent / N-chlorosuccinimide, 3-chloroperbenzoic acid / CCl4; CHCl3 / 16 h / Heating 2: 89 percent / aq. formic acid / 24 h / Heating View Scheme
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps 1: N-chloro-succinimide; dibenzoyl peroxide / chloroform / 6 h / Reflux 2: sulfuric acid / 2 h / Microwave irradiation; Heating View Scheme

tetrakis(actonitrile)copper(I) hexafluorophosphate (64443-05-6) + Bathocuproine (4733-39-5) → bis(2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline)copper(I) hexafluorophosphate (47895-81-8)

Conditions	Yield
In acetonitrile Ar-atmosphere; addn. of 2 equiv. of phen derivative to Cu-complex soln.,stirring for 10 min; pptn. on Et2O addn., filtration, dissoln. in CH2Cl2, crystn. on layeringwith Et2O; elem. anal.;	94%
In methanol for 1h; Inert atmosphere;	82%
for 0.333333h; Inert atmosphere;

NiCl2(bathocuproine) (120763-13-5) + Bathocuproine (4733-39-5) → Ni(bathocuproine)2 (1508299-90-8)

Conditions	Yield
With 2,6-dimethylpyridine In tetrahydrofuran Irradiation; Inert atmosphere; Glovebox;	94%

Bathocuproine (4733-39-5) → 2,9-bis(trichloromethyl)-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline

Conditions	Yield
With N-chloro-succinimide; dibenzoyl peroxide In chloroform for 6h; Reflux;	93%
With N-chloro-succinimide; dibenzoyl peroxide In chloroform for 24h; Reflux;	80%
With N-chloro-succinimide; 3-chloro-benzenecarboperoxoic acid In tetrachloromethane; chloroform for 16h; Heating;	76%
With N-chloro-succinimide; dibenzoyl peroxide In tetrachloromethane; chloroform	6.1 g (97%)

Bathocuproine (4733-39-5) → 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline N-oxide

Conditions	Yield
With water; fluorine; acetonitrile In chloroform at 0℃;	93%

tetrakis(actonitrile)copper(I) hexafluorophosphate (64443-05-6) + Bathocuproine (4733-39-5) + 4,5-bis(diphenylphosphino)-9,9-dimethylxanthene (161265-03-8) → [Cu(2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline)(4,5-bis(diphenylphosphino)-9,9-dimethylxanthene)](PF6) (1421057-42-2)

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: tetrakis(actonitrile)copper(I) hexafluorophosphate; 4,5-bis(diphenylphosphino)-9,9-dimethylxanthene In dichloromethane Schlenk technique; Reflux; Stage #2: Bathocuproine In dichloromethane at 20℃; Schlenk technique; Reflux;	93%
Stage #1: tetrakis(actonitrile)copper(I) hexafluorophosphate; 4,5-bis(diphenylphosphino)-9,9-dimethylxanthene In dichloromethane Inert atmosphere; Schlenk technique; Reflux; Stage #2: Bathocuproine In dichloromethane Inert atmosphere; Schlenk technique; Reflux;	93%
Stage #1: tetrakis(actonitrile)copper(I) hexafluorophosphate; 4,5-bis(diphenylphosphino)-9,9-dimethylxanthene In dichloromethane at 20℃; Stage #2: Bathocuproine In dichloromethane at 20℃;
Stage #1: tetrakis(actonitrile)copper(I) hexafluorophosphate; 4,5-bis(diphenylphosphino)-9,9-dimethylxanthene In dichloromethane Inert atmosphere; Reflux; Stage #2: Bathocuproine In dichloromethane for 3h; Inert atmosphere; Reflux;

bis(1,5-cyclooctadiene)nickel (0) (1295-35-8) + Bathocuproine (4733-39-5) → Ni(bathocuproine)2 (1508299-90-8)

Conditions	Yield
In tetrahydrofuran at 60℃; for 12h; Inert atmosphere; Glovebox;	93%

tetrakis(actonitrile)copper(I) hexafluorophosphate (64443-05-6) + 2,6-dimethylphenyl isonitrile (119072-54-7, 2769-71-3) + Bathocuproine (4733-39-5) → [Cu(2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline)(2,6-dimethylphenylisocyanide)2]PF6

Conditions	Yield
In dichloromethane for 1h;	93%

C34H36CuN4(1+)*F6P(1-) + Bathocuproine (4733-39-5) → (2,9-dimesityl-1,10-phenanthroline)(bathocuproine)copper(I) hexafluorophosphate

Conditions	Yield
In dichloromethane at 20℃; for 0.5h;	91%

Bathocuproine (4733-39-5) + 4-methyl-N-(2-(7-phenylindolo[1,2-a]quinazolin-9-yl)phenyl)benzenesulfonamide → 7-phenyl-13-tosyl-13H-quinazolino[1',2':1,5]pyrrolo[2,3-b]carbazole

Conditions	Yield
With sodium acetate; palladium diacetate In 1,3,5-trimethyl-benzene at 100℃; for 6h;	91%

tetrakis(actonitrile)copper(I) hexafluorophosphate (64443-05-6) + 2,2′-bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1′-binaphthalene. + Bathocuproine (4733-39-5) → [Cu(bathocuproine)(binap)]PF6

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: tetrakis(actonitrile)copper(I) hexafluorophosphate; 2,2′-bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1′-binaphthalene. In dichloromethane Schlenk technique; Reflux; Stage #2: Bathocuproine In dichloromethane at 20℃; Schlenk technique; Reflux;	90%

Bathocuproine (4733-39-5) + copper(I) bromide (7787-70-4) → (2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline)CuBr

Conditions	Yield
In acetonitrile at 20℃; Inert atmosphere;	90%

tetrafluoroboric acid diethyl ether (67969-82-8) + Bathocuproine (4733-39-5) → [(Bathocuproine)H2](BF4)2

Conditions	Yield
In acetone for 0.583333h;	90%

nickel(II) bromide diethylene glycol dimethyl ether + Bathocuproine (4733-39-5) → (2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenantroline)NiBr2 (326822-02-0)

Conditions	Yield
In tetrahydrofuran at 20℃; for 46h; Inert atmosphere; Sealed tube;	90%

silver hexafluoroantimonate + Bathocuproine (4733-39-5) → C52H40AgN4(1+)*F6Sb(1-)

Conditions	Yield
In dichloromethane at 20℃; for 16h; Inert atmosphere; Glovebox; Schlenk technique;	90%

copper(II) nitrate trihydrate + Bathocuproine (4733-39-5) → C52H40CuN4(2+)*2NO3(1-)

Conditions	Yield
In dichloromethane; acetone	90%

2-oxoindole (59-48-3) + Bathocuproine (4733-39-5) → 3-hydroxy-3-((9-methyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthrolin-2-yl)methyl)indolin-2-one

Conditions	Yield
With iron(II) acetate In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 80℃; for 5h; Green chemistry;	90%

potassium hexafluorophosphate (17084-13-8) + cis-bis-(2,2′-bipyridine) dichlororuthenium(II) dihydrate + Bathocuproine (4733-39-5) → [Ru(bpy)2(2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline)](PF6)2

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: cis-bis-(2,2′-bipyridine) dichlororuthenium(II) dihydrate; Bathocuproine In 1,2-dimethoxyethane at 260℃; for 6h; Stage #2: potassium hexafluorophosphate In water	89%

Bathocuproine (4733-39-5) → 2,9-dicarboxaldehyde-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline

Conditions	Yield
With selenium(IV) oxide In 1,4-dioxane; water at 110℃; for 2h;	88%
With selenium(IV) oxide In 1,4-dioxane at 80℃; for 2h; Inert atmosphere; Sealed tube;	85%

tetrakis(acetonitrile)copper(I)tetrafluoroborate + Bathocuproine (4733-39-5) + bis(diphenylphosphino)acetylene (5112-95-8) → [Cu2(2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline)2(μ-bis(diphenylphosphino)acetylene)2](BF4)2

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: tetrakis(acetonitrile)copper(I)tetrafluoroborate; bis(diphenylphosphino)acetylene In dichloromethane; acetonitrile for 0.5h; Inert atmosphere; Stage #2: Bathocuproine In dichloromethane; acetonitrile for 1h; Inert atmosphere;	88%

Upstream product

• 70205-01-5 2-methyl-8-nitro-4-phenyl-quinoline 
• 95-54-5 1,2-diamino-benzene 
• 1311162-31-8 5,5'-((1,2-phenylenebis(azanediyl))bis(ethan-1-yl-1-ylidene))bis(2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxane-4,6-dione) 
• 98-80-6 phenylboronic acid 
• 88-74-4 2-nitro-aniline 
• 495-41-0 1-phenylbut-2-en-1-one 

Downstream Products

• 852954-56-4 (C₆H₅)2C₁₂H₄(CH₃)2N₂Pt(4-trifluoromethyl-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl)2 
• 1357827-40-7 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline-d20 
• 500022-92-4 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline-2,9-dicarboxylic acid dimethyl ester 
• 102533-93-7 {IrCl(2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline)(1,5-cyclooctadiene)}={Ir(2,9-Me₂-4,7-Ph₂phen)(COD)} 
• 120763-13-5 NiCl₂(bathocuproine) 

Relevant articles and documents

Synthesis and Photochemical Properties of Manganese(I) Tricarbonyl Diimine Complexes Bound to Tetrazolato Ligands

Ten manganese(I) tricarbonyl diimine complexes bound to variably functionalised 5-aryl-tetrazolato ligands were prepared, and their photochemical properties were investigated. Upon exposure to light at 365 nm, each complex decomposed to its free diimine and tetrazolato ligands, simultaneously dissociating three CO ligands, as evidenced by changes in the IR spectra of the irradiated complexes over time. The anti-bacterial properties of one of these complexes were tested against Escherichia coli. While the complex displayed no effect on the bacterial growth in the dark, pre-irradiated solutions inhibited bacterial growth. Comparative studies revealed that the antibacterial properties originate from the presence of free 1,10-phenanthroline.