501-53-1 Usage
Description
Benzyl chloroformate, also known as benzyl chlorocarbonate or Z-chloride, is the benzyl ester of chloroformic acid. It can be also described as the chloride of the benzyloxycarbonyl (Cbz or Z) group. In its pure form it is a water-sensitive oily colorless liquid, although impure samples usually appear yellow. It possesses a characteristic pungent odor and degrades in contact with water. The compound was first prepared by Leonidas Zervas in the early 1930s who used it for the introduction of the benzyloxycarbonyl protecting group, which became the basis of the Bergmann-Zervas carboxybenzyl method of peptide synthesis he developed with Max Bergmann. This was the first successful method of controlled peptide chemical synthesis and for twenty years it was the dominant procedure used worldwide until the 1950s. To this day, benzyl chloroformate is often used for amine group protection.
Chemical Properties
colorless or light yellow oily liquid with rancid odor. soluble in ether, acetone, benzene and other organic solvents. It is used to protect amino groups in peptide synthesis.
Uses
Benzyl chloroformate is widely used as a reactive chemical intermediate in plastic, pharmaceutical, agricultural and organic chemicals. It is useful for the introduction of carboxybenzyl (cbz) protecting group for amines such as aniline in organic synthesis. It is also involved in the synthesis of 1,2,4-oxadiazoles.
Application
Benzyl chloroformate is used as a reagent in peptide synthesis to protect the amine functionality as the benzyloxycarbonyl (Cbz or Z) derivative. Cbz-protected anilines were prepared directly from aromatic carboxylic acids, sodium azide and Cbz-Cl.Protecting reagent in peptide synthesis.
Preparation
Benzyl chloroformate is prepared in the lab by treating benzyl alcohol with phosgene:PhCH2OH + COCl2→ PhCH2OC(O)Cl + HClPhosgene is used in excess to minimise the production of the carbonate (PhCH2O)2C=O.The use of phosgene gas in the lab preparation carries a very large health hazard, and has been implicated in the chronic pulmonary disease of pioneers in the usage of the compound such as Zervas.
General Description
Benzyl chloroformate appears as a colorless liquid with an acrid odor. Vapors irritate eyes and mucous membranes. Corrosive to metals and tissue. Long-term inhalation of low concentrations or short-term inhalation of high concentrations can result in adverse health effects.
Air & Water Reactions
Decomposes in moist air. Decomposes slowly in water to give corrosive hydrochloric acid and organic acids.
Reactivity Profile
Benzyl chloroformate decomposes slowly in water forming benzyl alcohol, HCl, and CO2. Gives off HCl fumes in moist air. Reacts with bases, both organic and inorganic. Attacks many metals especially in humid atmosphere [Handling Chemicals Safely 1980. p. 476]. Catalytic impurity incidents involving the iron catalyzed decomposition of benzoyl chloroformate have caused several explosions. The iron presumably comes from corrosion of steel storage tanks [Loss Prev. Bull., 1975, (003), 2]. May react vigorously or explosively if mixed with diisopropyl ether or other ethers in the presence of trace amounts of metal salts [J. Haz. Mat., 1981, 4, 291].
Hazard
Highly toxic, emits very toxic phosgene fumes at 100C. Irritant to eyes.
Health Hazard
Inhalation causes mucous membrane irritation. Eyes are irritated by excessive exposure to vapor. Liquid causes severe irritation of eyes and irritates skin. Ingestion causes irritation of mouth and stomach.
Safety Profile
Poison by ingestion andinhalation routes. A powerful corrosive irritant. Thermallyunstable. Will react with water or steam to produce toxic and corrosive fumes and heat. Iron salts catalyze theexplosive decomposition of the ester. When heated todecomp.
Synthesis
Benzyl chloroformate (CbzCl) was synthesized by combining the carbonylation of benzyl alcohol with carbon monoxide and sulfur (or carbonyl sulfide) in the presence of DBU, with the chlorination using sulfuryl chloride.https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4039(02)01834-8
storage
Store at temperature at or below –15°C (5°F) in a dry, well‐ventilated location. All equipment and storage vessels must be constructed of Teflon or glass‐lined steel. Keep container tightly closed. Protect from sunlight and avoid any contact with iron.Product is stable when stored properly at recommended storage temperature. Storage in recommended temperatures and conditions will ensure product quality for minimum 12 months before retesting may be needed to determine assay. Storage in conditions between –15°C (5°F) and –5°C (23°F) may require retesting after 6 months to determine assay. Storage above 0°C (32°F) not recommended.
Purification Methods
The commercial material is usually better than 95% pure and may contain some toluene, benzyl alcohol, benzyl chloride and HCl. After long storage (e.g. two years at 4o, Greenstein and Winitz [The Chemistry of the Amino Acids Vol 2 p. 890, J Wiley and Sons NY, 1961] recommended that the liquid should be flushed with a stream of dry air, filtered and stored over sodium sulfate to remove CO2 and HCl which are formed by decomposition. It may further be distilled from an oil bath at a temperature below 85o because Thiel and Dent [Annalen 301 257 1898] stated that benzyloxycarbonyl chloride decarboxylates to benzyl chloride slowly at 100o and vigorously at 155o. Redistillation at higher vacuum below 85o yields material which shows no other peaks than those of benzyloxycarbonyl chloride by NMR spectroscopy. [Beilstein 6 IV 2278.] LACHRYMATORY and TOXIC.
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 501-53-1 includes 6 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 3 digits, 5,0 and 1 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 5 and 3 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 501-53:
(5*5)+(4*0)+(3*1)+(2*5)+(1*3)=41
41 % 10 = 1
So 501-53-1 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/C8H7ClO2/c9-8(10)11-6-7-4-2-1-3-5-7/h1-5H,6H2
501-53-1Relevant articles and documents
Discovery of Novel Apigenin-Piperazine Hybrids as Potent and Selective Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1 (PARP-1) Inhibitors for the Treatment of Cancer
Long, Huan,Hu, Xiaolong,Wang, Baolin,Wang, Quan,Wang, Rong,Liu, Shumeng,Xiong, Fei,Jiang, Zhenzhou,Zhang, Xiao-Qi,Ye, Wen-Cai,Wang, Hao
, p. 12089 - 12108 (2021/09/06)
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) is a potential target for the discovery of chemosensitizers and anticancer drugs. Amentoflavone (AMF) is reported to be a selective PARP-1 inhibitor. Here, structural modifications and trimming of AMF have led to a series of AMF derivatives (9a-h) and apigenin-piperazine/piperidine hybrids (14a-p, 15a-p, 17a-h, and 19a-f), respectively. Among these compounds, 15l exhibited a potent PARP-1 inhibitory effect (IC50 = 14.7 nM) and possessed high selectivity to PARP-1 over PARP-2 (61.2-fold). Molecular dynamics simulation and the cellular thermal shift assay revealed that 15l directly bound to the PARP-1 structure. In in vitro and in vivo studies, 15l showed a potent chemotherapy sensitizing effect against A549 cells and a selective cytotoxic effect toward SK-OV-3 cells through PARP-1 inhibition. 15l·2HCl also displayed good ADME characteristics, pharmacokinetic parameters, and a desirable safety margin. These findings demonstrated that 15l·2HCl may serve as a lead compound for chemosensitizers and the (BRCA-1)-deficient cancer therapy.
COMPOUNDS AND USES THEREOF
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Page/Page column 157; 158, (2021/08/06)
The present disclosure features compounds and methods useful for the treatment of BAF complex-related disorders.
Photo-on-Demand Synthesis of Chloroformates with a Chloroform Solution Containing an Alcohol and Its One-Pot Conversion to Carbonates and Carbamates
Liang, Fengying,Suzuki, Yuto,Tsuda, Akihiko,Yanai, Masaki
supporting information, (2020/04/21)
Chloroformates are key reagents for synthesizing carbonates and carbamates. The present study reports a novel photo-on-demand in situ synthesis of chloroformates with a CHCl3 solution containing a primary alkyl alcohol. It further allowed the one-pot synthesis of carbonates and carbamates through subsequent addition of alcohols or amines, respectively.
