53-43-0 Usage
description
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is a steroid hormone that is a popular nonprescription oral “dietary supplement” used by men to enhance cognitive function, mood, libido, and athletic performance. Before 1994, DHEA was a prescription medicine. After the passage of the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994, DHEA was reclassified as a nutritional supplement. Although sold over the counter in 25- and 50-mg strengths, DHEA is widely touted to maximize results at doses of 200 mg or higher. DHEA is banned by the International Olympic Committee and the National Collegiate Athletic Association as an anabolic agent. Limited information is available regarding potential harmful effects resulting from its supplemental use.
Indications and Usage
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA,) chemical name 3β-hydroxy-5alpha-androstane-17-ketone, is an esterifying 3–β–hydroxy steroid retaining 5,6 cholesterol. A white crystalline powder, soluable in ethanol, ether, and benzene, and slightly soluable in chroloform and petroleum ether. Precipitates in digitalis.
DHEA is an estrogen precursor secreted by the reticular layer of the human adrenal cortex. Prevents obesity, resists diabetes, fights cancer, fights cortical disease, and delays senility treats immune deficiencies, promotes the growth and differentiation of bone cells, and promotes the synthesis of protein. It also resists viral infections, improves memory, and relieves nervous tension. DHEA is the main ingredient in steroid hormone intermediates (such as norethindrone and bisacetylene, etc.) and in birth control, and is involved in the secretion of many adrenal hormones. It has undergone extensive clinical research on treating menopausal syndrom, chorionitis, coronary heart disease, gout, psoriasis, AIDS and so on.
Mechanisms of Action
DHEA has a thyroid stimulating effect inhibiting food and fat intake and reducing fat accumulation, etc. It improves glucose tolerance, increases insulin level and fights diabetes. It can enhance endocrine system actiity, reduce cortisol levels, and resist a variety of pathological processes. It can help the body obtain cortical antibodies. DHEA has a strong protective and synergistic effect when used to treat tumors, becuase it inhibits ribose 5-phosphate. Inhibits cancer by inhibiting excessive mitochondria (NADPH) and ribose 5-phosphate esters. Regulates the growth of pancreatic cancer cells by regulating the concentration of estrogen in blood plasma. A decline in GnRH gene expression leads to aging, and DHEA can restore GnRH neuronal activity, stopping or improving certain diseases associated with declines in DHEA by stimulating GnRH biosynthesis. Restores impaired immune response, improves T- and B-cell function, and plays an important role in enhancing the physiological activity of insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1,) and is a potentially useful drug for immunodeficiency. DHEA alone cannot directly affect the growth and differential of osteoblasts, but it can do so by influencing 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. The effects of DHEA on bone mass depend on the presence and form of sex hormones in bone cells and their endrocine effects on osteoblasts. DHEA is an anabolic protein hormone which promotes protein synthesis. According to the findings of Marrero and others, feeding DHEA (0.45%) to mice increased liver weight, increasing liver mitochondria by guiding liver protein restoring RNA and protein synthesis.
Description
Dehydroepiandrosterone(DHEA) is an endogenous steroid hormone that is secreted primarily by the adrenal gland and is the most abundant sex steroid. It is a neurohormone; small quantities of DHEA are produced in the brain and declines in serum and CSF with age. (Knopman and Henderson, 2003). Metabolites of DHEA include androstenedione , which subsequently may be metabolized to testosterone or estrone which is an estradiol precursor. In addition to serving as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of sex steroids, DHEA directly modulates a number of cellular and nuclear receptors.
Chemical Properties
white fine crystalline powder. There are two crystal forms. Needle-like crystal, melting point 140-141oC; small leaf-like crystal, melting point 152-153oC. Has right-handedness. Soluble in alcohol, ether, benzene, slightly soluble in chloroform, petroleum ether. In case of digitonin to produce precipitation.
Originator
Aslera ,Genelabs Technologies, Inc.
Occurrence
DHEA is naturally occurring in yam (see Wild Yam, p. 596-597).
Uses
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is a major C19 steroid produced by the adrenal cortex. It is a major secretory steroidal product of the adrenal gland; secretion progresively declines with aging. May have estrogen-or androgen-like effects depending on the hormonal milieu. Intracellularly converted to androstenedione. It is used in treatment of menopausal syndrome. People living with HIV may be interested in taking DHEA for a variety of reasons, including treatment of depression, increasing bone density, decreasing arterial plaques, improvement of immune function with HIV, increased memory, and increased muscle strength.
Definition
ChEBI: Dehydroepiandrosterone is an androstanoid that is androst-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3 and an oxo group at position 17. It is a naturally occurring steroid hormone produced by the adrenal glands. It has a role as an androgen, a human metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a 17-oxo steroid, an androstanoid and a 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid.
Manufacturing Process
To a solution of 1 gram of 16-dehydropregnenolon-3β-acetate in 10 ml pyridine is added 0.22 gram of hydroxylamine hydrochloride, and the mixture is allowed to stand at room temperature for four days. One gram of 16dehydropregnenolon-3β-acetate oxime is dissolved in 30 ml of hot dioxane, and then the solution is cooled in an ice bath until about one-half of the dioxane has solidified. Then 1 gram of phosphorus pentachloride is added and the mixture is shaken until all the dioxane has melted. The mixture is maintained at 35°C, for seventy-five minutes, then an excess of ice is added and the solution is again allowed to stand at 35°C. After about thirty minutes, a solution of 5 ml of concentrated hydrochloric acid in 10 ml of water is added, and the mixture is diluted with water, extracted with ether and the ethereal extract washed with dilute sodium hydroxide solution. The ether is removed on a steam bath and the residue is worked up to yield dehydroepiandrosterone.
Brand name
17-chetovis 17-hormoforin;Cetavister;Climatost;Dastonil;Dha-s (prasterone);Gynodian;Longevital 5000;Maxepa;Mentalormon;Mylis;Neurocotex;Psicosterone;Ro 66827;Sh 833;Ultrapla.
Therapeutic Function
Glucocorticoid
World Health Organization (WHO)
The World Health Organization has no information further to the
above regarding preparations containing prasterone or to indicate that such
preparations remain available.
General Description
DHEA is a major secretory steroidal product of the adrenal gland and is a hormonal precursor to both androgens and estrogens. It can also be synthesized using wild yam or soy, but there is no evidence to show that humans are able to increase DHEA levels by consuming these foods. DHEA and its sulfated metabolite, DHEA-S, are negative modulators of GABAA receptors.
Health Hazard
An experimental teratogen.Experimental reproductive effects. Questionablecarcinogen with experimental neoplastigenic data. Whenheated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke andirritating fumes.
Biochem/physiol Actions
Product does not compete with ATP.
Side effects
Side effects may include acne, skin rash, GI upset, hirsuitism, hypertension, and increased HDL. In people with HIV, additional side effects may include fatigue, nasal congestion, and headaches.
Safety
Dehydroepiandrosterone should always be used under the supervision of a medical professional. It is likely safe for people with low DHEA levels to take oral supplements short-term (<6 months) to restore DHEA to normal, but long-term use and doses resulting in high DHEA levels are possibly unsafe. Side effects are often seen with higher doses and longterm use.
references
[1]. kimonides vg, khatibi nh, svendsen cn, et al. dehydroepiandrosterone (dhea) and dhea-sulfate (dheas) protect hippocampal neurons against excitatory amino acid-induced neurotoxicity. proc natl acad sci u s a, 1998, 95(4): 1852-1857.[2]. suzuki m, wright ls, marwah p, et al. mitotic and neurogenic effects of dehydroepiandrosterone (dhea) on human neural stem cell cultures derived from the fetal cortex. proc natl acad sci u s a, 2004, 101(9): 3202-3207.[3]. charalampopoulos i, tsatsanis c, dermitzaki e, et al. dehydroepiandrosterone and allopregnanolone protect sympathoadrenal medulla cells against apoptosis via antiapoptotic bcl-2 proteins. proc natl acad sci u s a, 2004, 101(21): 8209-8214.
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 53-43-0 includes 5 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 2 digits, 5 and 3 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 4 and 3 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 53-43:
(4*5)+(3*3)+(2*4)+(1*3)=40
40 % 10 = 0
So 53-43-0 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/C19H28O2/c1-18-9-7-13(20)11-12(18)3-4-14-15-5-6-17(21)19(15,2)10-8-16(14)18/h3,13-16,20H,4-11H2,1-2H3/t13-,14-,15?,16?,18-,19-/m0/s1
53-43-0Relevant articles and documents
Synthesis and structure determination of 3β-hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one (C19H28O2·CH3OH)
Verma, Rajnikant,Jasrotia, Dinesh,Sawhney, Anshu,Bhat, Mousmi,Gupta
, p. 523 - 528 (2004)
3β-Hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one (C19H28O 2.CH3OH) has been prepared for undertaking its crystallographic analysis and to investigate the role of intra- and intermolecular interactions in steroids. The title compound crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group C2221 with unit cell parameters a = 6.7892(17), b = 12.624(2), and c = 41.136(5) A; V = 3525.7(12) A3 and Z = 8. The three-dimensional structure has been solved by direct methods. The final reliability index for the computed structure is 0.050 for 1088 observed reflections. Ring A exist in chair conformation, Ring B in half-chair conformation, and the Ring C assumes a distorted chair conformation. The five-membered Ring D adopts half-chair conformation. The A/B ring junction is quasi-trans while as B/C and C/D are trans-fused. The oxygen atom of the solvent molecule (CH3OH) is involved in O-H···O intermolecular interaction.
A steroidogenic pathway for sulfonated steroids: The metabolism of pregnenolone sulfate
Neunzig,Sánchez-Guijo,Mosa,Hartmann,Geyer,Wudy,Bernhardt
, p. 324 - 333 (2014)
In many tissues sulfonated steroids exceed the concentration of free steroids and recently they were also shown to fulfill important physiological functions. While it was previously demonstrated that cholesterol sulfate (CS) is converted by CYP11A1 to pregnenolone sulfate (PregS), further conversion of PregS has not been studied in detail. To investigate whether a steroidogenic pathway for sulfonated steroids exists similar to the one described for free steroids, we examined the interaction of PregS with CYP17A1 in a reconstituted in-vitro system. Difference spectroscopy revealed a Kd-value of 74.8 ± 4.2 μM for the CYP17A1-PregS complex, which is 2.5-fold higher compared to the CYP17A1-pregnenolone (Preg) complex. Mass spectrometry experiments proved for the first time that PregS is hydroxylated by CYP17A1 at position C17, identically to pregnenolone. A higher Km- and a lower kcat-value for CYP17A1 using PregS compared with Preg were observed, indicating a 40% reduced catalytic efficiency when using the sulfonated steroid. Furthermore, we analyzed whether the presence of cytochrome b5(b5) has an influence on the CYP17A1 dependent conversion of PregS, as was demonstrated for Preg. Interestingly, with 17OH-PregS no scission of the 17,20-carbon-carbon bond occurs, when b5is added to the reconstituted in-vitro system, while b5promotes the formation of DHEA from 17OH-Preg. When using human SOAT-HEK293 cells expressing CYP17A1 and CPR, we could confirm that PregS is metabolized to 17OH-PregS, strengthening the potential physiological meaning of a pathway for sulfonated steroids.
Dingemanse,Huis in't Veld,Hartogh-Katz
, p. 492 (1948)
Modified bile acids and androstanes—Novel promising inhibitors of human cytochrome P450 17A1
Dzichenka, Yaraslau,Shapira, Michail,Yantsevich, Aliaksei,Cherkesova, Tatsiana,Grbovi?, Ljubica,Savi?, Marina,Usanov, Sergey,Jovanovi?-?anta, Suzana
, (2020/11/17)
Cytochromes P450 are key enzymes for steroid hormone biosynthesis in human body. They are considered as targets for the screening of novel high efficient drugs. The results of screening of bile acids and androstane derivatives toward human recombinant steroid 17α-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase (CYP17A1) are presented in this paper. A group of steroids, binding with micromolar or submicromolar affinity (in a range from 9 μM – less than 0.1 μM), was identified. Results presented here showed that these steroidal compounds are able to decrease rate of hydroxylation of essential CYP17A1 substrate – progesterone, while some compounds completely inhibited enzyme activity. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) analysis based on in vitro and in silico studies showed that high affinity of the enzyme to bile acids derivatives is correlated with side chain hydrophobicity and presence of hydroxyl or keto group at C3 position. From the other side, bile acid-derived compounds with more polar side chain or substituents at C7 and C12 positions possess higher Kd values. Among androstane-derived steroids couple of Δ5-steroids with hydroxyl group at C3 position, as well as 16,17-secosteroids, were found to be high affinity ligands of this enzyme. The data obtained could be useful for the design of novel highly efficient inhibitors of CYP17A1, since the bile acids-derived compounds are for first time recognized as effective CYP17A1 inhibitors.
Comprehensive kinetic and substrate specificity analysis of an arylsulfatase from Helix pomatia using mass spectrometry
Correia, Mário S.P.,Ballet, Caroline,Meistermann, Hannes,Conway, Louis P.,Globisch, Daniel
, p. 955 - 962 (2019/02/09)
Sulfatases hydrolyze sulfated metabolites to their corresponding alcohols and are present in all domains of life. These enzymes have found major application in metabolic investigation of drugs, doping control analysis and recently in metabolomics. Interest in sulfatases has increased due to a link between metabolic processes involving sulfated metabolites and pathophysiological conditions in humans. Herein, we present the first comprehensive substrate specificity and kinetic analysis of the most commonly used arylsulfatase extracted from the snail Helix pomatia. In the past, this enzyme has been used in the form of a crude mixture of enzymes, however, recently we have purified this sulfatase for a new application in metabolomics-driven discovery of sulfated metabolites. To evaluate the substrate specificity of this promiscuous sulfatase, we have synthesized a series of new sulfated metabolites of diverse structure and employed a mass spectrometric assay for kinetic substrate hydrolysis evaluation. Our analysis of the purified enzyme revealed that the sulfatase has a strong preference for metabolites with a bi- or tricyclic aromatic scaffold and to a lesser extent for monocyclic aromatic phenols. This metabolite library and mass spectrometric method can be applied for the characterization of other sulfatases from humans and gut microbiota to investigate their involvement in disease development.
Synthesis of 3β-methyl ether of dehydroepiandrosterone by biotransformation of 3β-methyl ether of cholesterol with cells of mycobacteria Mycobacterium sp.
Andryushina,Stytsenko,Karpova,Yaderets,Zavarzin,Kurilov
, p. 2355 - 2358 (2020/02/18)
3p-Methyl ether of dehydroepiandrosterone was obtained by microbiological transformation of 3?-methyl ether of cholesterol with Mycobacterium sp. Androstane-3,17-dione, androst-4-ene-3,17-dione, and androsta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione were minor transformation products.