56-14-4

Basic information

• Product Name: ANION STANDARD - SUCCINATE
• Synonyms: ANION STANDARD - SUCCINATE;Butanedioate(2-);Butanedioic acid, ion(2-);succinate(2-)
• CAS NO: 56-14-4
• Molecular Formula: C₄H₄O₄
• Molecular Weight: 116.07216
• Mol File: 56-14-4.mol
• Article Data: 3

Chemical Properties

• Boiling Point: 236.149 °C at 760 mmHg
• Flash Point: 110.89 °C
• Appearance: /
• Density: g/cm³
• CAS DataBase Reference: ANION STANDARD - SUCCINATE(CAS DataBase Reference)
• NIST Chemistry Reference: ANION STANDARD - SUCCINATE(56-14-4)
• EPA Substance Registry System: ANION STANDARD - SUCCINATE(56-14-4)

Safety Data

• Hazardous Substances Data: 56-14-4(Hazardous Substances Data)

Usage

Definition

ChEBI: A dicarboxylic acid dianion resulting from the removal of a proton from both of the carboxy groups of succinic acid.

Upstream product

• 110-63-4 Butane-1,4-diol 
• 26605-36-7 N-succinyl-L,L-diaminopimelic acid 
• 110-17-8 (2E)-but-2-enedioic acid 
• 110-16-7 maleic acid 

Downstream Products

• 106-60-5 ALA 
• 110-63-4 Butane-1,4-diol 
• 100-02-7 4-nitro-phenol 
• 15510-09-5 Succinanilid 

Relevant articles and documents

Hydrogen and chemicals from alcohols through electrochemical reforming by Pd-CeO2/C electrocatalyst

The development of low-cost and sustainable hydrogen production is of primary importance for a future transition to sustainable energy. In this work, the selective and simultaneous production of pure hydrogen and chemicals from renewable alcohols is achieved using an anion exchange membrane electrolysis cell (electrochemical reforming) employing a nanostructured Pd-CeO2/C anode. The catalyst exhibits high activity for alcohol electrooxidation (e.g. 474 mA cm?2 with EtOH at 60 °C) and the electrolysis cell produces high volumes of hydrogen (1.73 l min?1 m?2) at low electrical energy input (Ecost = 6 kWh kgH2?1 with formate as substrate). A complete analysis of the alcohol oxidation products from several alcohols (methanol, ethanol, 1,2-propandiol, ethylene glycol, glycerol and 1,4-butanediol) shows high selectivity in the formation of valuable chemicals such as acetate from ethanol (100%) and lactate from 1,2-propandiol (84%). Importantly for industrial application, in batch experiments the Pd-CeO2/C catalyst achieves conversion efficiencies above 80% for both formate and methanol, and 95% for ethanol.

Reduction of maleate and fumarate by the CO2.- anion radical

The radical anion CO2.- reacts with fumarate and maleate at pH 5.3 mainly via electron transfer. The final products are a mixture of (-O2CCH2-)2, trans-( -O2CCH)2 and products with higher molecular weight. At higher pHs, the yield of fumarate and succinate decreases. The results suggest that though the radical anions formed by the reduction of fumarate and maleate have different structures, the final products are probably the same.