56-92-8 Usage
Description
Histamine dihydrochloride is a white powder derivative of histamine, a compound found in most mammalian tissues and primarily stored in mast cells and basophils. It is known for its multiple biological effects through at least three specific receptors and is implicated in tumor cell apoptosis, potentially preventing the relapse of acute myeloid leukemia in patients.
Uses
1. Used in Pharmaceutical Quality Control:
Histamine dihydrochloride serves as a pharmaceutical secondary standard for application in quality control, providing a convenient and cost-effective alternative to the preparation of in-house working standards for pharmaceutical laboratories and manufacturers.
2. Used in Immune System Regulation:
Histamine dihydrochloride activates nitric oxide synthetase and suppresses or inhibits the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). By inhibiting ROS, it allows the activation of T cells and NK cells by IL-2. In a rat model, it has been shown to suppress ROS generated by Kupffer cells through the H2 histamine receptor.
3. Used as a Vasodilator:
Histamine dihydrochloride is a potent vasodilator and an endogenous histamine receptor agonist, which can induce bronchoconstriction and vasodilation.
4. Used in Neurotransmission:
Histamine dihydrochloride acts as a neurotransmitter and is used as an orthograde cotransmitter in producing excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP).
5. Used in Research and Analysis:
Histamine dihydrochloride is utilized to determine its level in fish using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and to assess the tracheal response to antigens in guinea-pigs.
6. Used in Medical Applications:
Histamine dihydrochloride stimulates gastric acid secretion and is involved in various biological processes, making it a valuable compound in the development of medications targeting these processes.
Biological Activity
Endogenous agonist at histamine receptors (H 1-4 ). Released from mast cells and basophils and exhibits inflammatory, vasodilatory and bronchoconstrictory activity. Stimulates gastric acid secretion and acts as a neurotransmitter in vivo .
Biochem/physiol Actions
Histamine dihydrochloride has been shown to activate nitric oxide synthetase and suppress or inhibit the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Inhibition of ROS by histamine dihydrochloride allows activation of T cells and NK cells by IL-2. In a rat model, histamine dihydrochloride suppressed ROS generated by Kupffer cells through the H2 histamine receptor.
Purification Methods
The dihydrochloride crystallises from aqueous EtOH. The phosphate (2H3PO4) [51-74-1] has m 132-133o (from H2O). [Beilstein 25 III/IV 2049.]
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 56-92-8 includes 5 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 2 digits, 5 and 6 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 9 and 2 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 56-92:
(4*5)+(3*6)+(2*9)+(1*2)=58
58 % 10 = 8
So 56-92-8 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/C5H9N3.ClH/c6-2-1-5-3-7-4-8-5;/h3-4H,1-2,6H2,(H,7,8);1H/p-1
56-92-8Relevant articles and documents
Synthesis method of high-purity histamine dihydrochloride
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Paragraph 0032-0046, (2021/01/28)
The invention discloses a synthesis method of high-purity histamine dihydrochloride, and belongs to the technical field of organic synthesis. The method comprises the steps: in a solvent A, carrying out a decarboxylation reactionon L-histidine at the temperature of 110-150 DEG C under the effect of a composite decarboxylation catalyst, and carrying out filtering after the reaction is completed, wherein the composite decarboxylation catalyst is composed of a main catalyst and an auxiliary catalyst, the main catalyst is selected from sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, pyridine, 4-methylpyridine, aniline, 4-methylaniline, ,N,N-dimethylaniline and N, N-dimethylformamide, and the auxiliary catalyst is one selected from benzophenone, acetophenone, benzophenone and p-methyl acetophenone; carrying out reduced pressure distillation on a filtrate, adding water into residues, and adjusting the pH value to 5-6 by using hydrochloric acid to obtain an aqueous solution; extracting the aqueous solution at least once by using an extracting agent to remove impurities; and evaporating to remove water in the aqueous solution, pulping with a solvent B, filtering and drying to obtain the product.
CONTINUOUS PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF 2-(1H-IMIDAZOL-4-YL) ETHANAMINE AND PHARMACEUTICALLY ACCEPTABLE SALTS THEREOF
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Page/Page column 6, (2019/01/21)
of the invention The invention relates to a commercially viable, cost effective and energy efficient process for the preparation of 2-(1H-Imidazol-4-yl) ethanamine or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof in high purity and yield via application of continuous flow technology.
A histamine dihydrochloride synthetic method
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, (2017/08/25)
The invention discloses a histamine dihydrochloride synthesis method. Through addition of a catalyst (copper bromide), the decarboxylation temperature is reduced, the types and the contents of unknown impurities are reduced, the raw material conversion rate is increased, the end product purity is improved, and energy consumption reduction and easy industrialisation are realized. Through the step of injecting hydrogen chloride gas to prepare hydrochlorate, the step of preparing a hydrogen chloride solution is omitted and the operation is simplified.