57117-44-9

Basic information

• Product Name: 1,2,3,6,7,8-Hexachlorodibenzofuran
• Synonyms: 1,2,3,6,7,8-Hexachlorodibenzo[b,d]furan; Dibenzofuran, 1,2,3,6,7,8-hexachloro; dibenzofuran, 1,2,3,6,7,8-hexachloro-
• CAS NO: 57117-44-9
• Molecular Formula: C12H2Cl6O
• Molecular Weight: 374.84
• Mol File: 57117-44-9.mol
• Article Data: 18

Chemical Properties

• Boiling Point: 478.7°Cat760mmHg
• Flash Point: 243.3°C
• Appearance: /
• Density: 1.766g/cm³
• Vapor Pressure: 7.26E-09mmHg at 25°C
• Refractive Index: 1.717
• CAS DataBase Reference: 1,2,3,6,7,8-Hexachlorodibenzofuran(CAS DataBase Reference)
• NIST Chemistry Reference: 1,2,3,6,7,8-Hexachlorodibenzofuran(57117-44-9)
• EPA Substance Registry System: 1,2,3,6,7,8-Hexachlorodibenzofuran(57117-44-9)

Safety Data

• Hazardous Substances Data: 57117-44-9(Hazardous Substances Data)

Usage

General Description

1,2,3,6,7,8-Hexachlorodibenzofuran (HxCDF) is a highly toxic and persistent organic pollutant belonging to the group of dioxins. It is formed as a by-product of various industrial processes such as waste incineration, metal smelting, and paper pulp bleaching. HxCDF has been found to persist in the environment and accumulate in the food chain, posing a significant risk to human and animal health. It is known to have harmful effects on the reproductive, developmental, and immune systems, as well as being a potential human carcinogen. Due to its hazardous properties, HxCDF is regulated under various international conventions and has strict emission controls in place to minimize its release into the environment.

InChI:InChI=1/C12H2Cl6O/c13-4-1-3-7-6(2-5(14)8(15)10(7)17)19-12(3)11(18)9(4)16/h1-2H

Upstream product

• 108-90-7 chlorobenzene 
• 127-18-4 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethylene 
• 9004-34-6 cellulose 
• 95-95-4 2,4,5-trichlorophenol 

Relevant articles and documents

Emission factors and importance of PCDD/Fs, PCBs, PCNs, PAHs and PM 10 from the domestic burning of coal and wood in the U.K.

This paper presents emission factors (EFs) derived for a range of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) when coal and wood were subject to controlled burning experiments, designed to simulate domestic burning for space heating. A wide range of POPs were emitted, with emissions from coal being higher than those from wood. Highest EFs were obtained for particulate matter, PM10, (～ 10 g/kg fuel) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (～ 100 mg/ kg fuel for ΣPAHs). For chlorinated compounds, EFs were highest for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), with polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs), dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs) being less abundant. EFs were on the order of 1000 ng/kg fuel for ΣPCBs, 100s ng/ kg fuel for ΣPCNs and 100 ng/kg fuel for ΣPCDD/Fs. The study confirmed that mono- to trichlorinated dibenzofurans, Cl1,2,3DFs, were strong indicators of low temperature combustion processes, such as the domestic burning of coal and wood. It is concluded that numerous PCB and PCN congeners are routinely formed during the combustion of solid fuels. However, their combined emissions from the domestic burning of coal and wood would contribute only a few percent to annual U.K. emission estimates. Emissions of PAHs and PM 10 were major contributors to U.K. national emission inventories. Major emissions were found from the domestic burning for Cl1,2,3DFs, while the contribution of PCDD/F-ΣTEQ to total U.K. emissions was minor.

Formation of dioxins in the catalytic combustion of chlorobenzene and a micropollutant-like mixture on Pt/γ-Al2O3

Catalytic combustion over a 2 wt % Pt/γ-Al2O3 catalyst of chlorobenzene (PhCl) and of a micropollutant-like mixture representative for a primary combustion offgas has been investigated. Typical conditions were 1000-1500 ppm of organics in the inflow, contact times ～0.3 s, 16% O2 in nitrogen at ～1 bar, and temperature range 200-550 °C. PhCl reacts considerably slower than when processing Cl-free compounds such as heptane. At intermediate temperatures-and incomplete conversion-byproducts are formed, especially polychlorobenzenes (PhCl x). These are accompanied by polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs) at levels of about 10-6 relative to PhClx. Additional HCl-made by co-reacting PhCl with tert-butylchloride-leads to much higher levels of PhClx and PCDD/Fs. Using the micropollutant-like mixture, the total chlorine input is reduced almost 20-fold, but it nevertheless leads to a 30-fold higher PCDD/F output. This is ascribed to reaction of the small amounts of (chloro)phenols in the mixture. The congener/isomer patterns of the PCDD/Fs for the mixture and with PhCl per se are quite comparable with those found in emissions from incinerators. As carbon is not present nor formed on the catalyst surface, de-novo formation therefrom cannot be involved. Rather condensation of phenolic entities or like precursors must have occurred. Consequences and options to ensure safe application are briefly discussed as well.

Catalytic NOx reduction with simultaneous dioxin and furan oxidation.

The engineering, construction, performance and running costs of a catalytic flue gas cleaning component in the low dust area of a municipal waste incinerator is discussed. For this purpose, the case study of a Flemish incineration plant is presented, covering the history, the design procedure of the catalyst, relevant process data and the financial aspects. A reliable PCDD/F-destruction by means of oxidation by the catalyst to typical values of 0.001 ng TEQ/Nm3 has been demonstrated. At the same time, NOx- and CO-emissions are reduced by 90% and 20% to about 50 mg/Nm3 and below 10 mg/Nm3, respectively.