6286-56-2Relevant articles and documents
Ammonium chloride catalyzed Knoevenagel condensation in PEG-400 as ecofriendly solvent
Waghmare, Smita R.
, p. 849 - 855 (2021/09/28)
A simple and selective green methodology has been successfully developed for Knoevenagel condensation in polyethylene glycol-400 using 10 mol % ammonium chloride as catalyst. The method is applicable to a wide range of aromatic, heteroaromatic and α,β-unsaturated aldehydes. The reactions have been found to be clean and free from the formation of the Michael adduct.
A facile, efficient and solvent-free titanium (IV) ethoxide catalysed knoevenagel condensation of aldehydes and active methylenes
Ramaiah, Manjunatha M.,Shivananju, Nanjunda Swamy,Shubha, Priya Babu
, p. 107 - 115 (2020/02/04)
Titanium ethoxide has been employed as a novel and efficient reagent for the Knoevenagel condensation of aldehydes with active methylenes such as diethyl malonate and ethyl cyanoacetate under solvent free conditions to afford substituted olefins in high to excellent yields. The reaction is suitable for a variety of aromatic, aliphatic and heteroaromatic aldehydes with various active methylenes. Parallel to this, microwave irradiation has been utilized to achieve improved reaction rates and enhanced yields. Herein, we illustrated a convenient method for the preparation of α,β-unsaturated compounds using both conventional and microwave irradiation methods. An efficient and solvent free Knoevenagel condensation between aldehydes and active methylenes was developed using titanium ethoxide. The procedure proved to be successful with a wide range of substrates such as aromatic, aliphatic and heterocyclic aldehydes and various active methylenes to afford substituted olefins. The reaction was also carried out under microwave irradiation to accomplish the corresponding olefins with improved reaction rates, yields and cleaner reaction profiles.We have developed an efficient and novel methodology for the synthesis of olefinic compounds by Knoevenagel condensation under solvent-free conditions using titanium ethoxide, for the first time, as a reagent as well as a solvent. This method is appropriate for the synthesis of a variety of aromatic aldehydes containing various electron-donating and withdrawing groups, aliphatic and heteroaromatic aldehydes. The significant advantages offered by this methodology could be applied to various active methylenes in order to offer the corresponding Knoevenagel products. Thus, we believe that this method delivers high conversions, cleaner reaction profiles under solvent-free reaction conditions and shorter reaction times, all of which make it a very useful and attractive approach for the preparation of a wide range of substituted olefins.
COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS FOR MODULATING HAIR GROWTH
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Page/Page column 43-45, (2020/07/21)
The present disclosure relates to compounds that are capable of inhibiting the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier and promoting hair growth. The disclosure further relates to methods of promoting hair growth or treating conditions or disorders affecting hair growth, such as baldness or alopecia.
