63921-06-2Relevant articles and documents
Evidence for Ketene Intermediates in the Reactions of 2-Oxobutanedioic Acid Diesters with Alcohols and Water
Emerson, David W.,Titus, Richard L.,Gonzalez, Rowena M.
, p. 3572 - 3576 (2007/10/02)
The reactions of diethyl ester (1a) and dimethyl ester (1b) of 3-methyl-2-oxobutanedioic acid with excess ethanol, methanol, or water in a sealed tube at approximately 125 deg C were studied.With methanol, 1a yielded mainly 3-methyl-2-oxobutanedioic acid 1-ethyl 4-methyl diester, 2a; with ethanol, 1b yielded mainly the 4-ethyl 1-methyl diester, 2b, while reaction of 1a with water yielded carbon dioxide, 2-oxobutanoic acid ethyl ester, 6, and 2-methyl-3-oxopropanoic acid ethyl ester, 7.These results suggested that the ketene intermediates 3-methyl-2,4-dioxo-3-butenoic acid ethyl or methyl ester, 4a and 4b, respectively, are implicated.The similarity of these reactions to those exhibited by ethyl acetoacetate, such as alkoxy group exchange, and formation of dehydroacetic acid, now thought to proceed by way of acetyl ketene, was demonstrated.
Photolysis of Methyl 3-Diazo-2-oxopropionate Wolff Migration of the Carbomethoxy Group
Gallucci, Robert R.,Jones, Maitland
, p. 4404 - 4405 (2007/10/02)
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The Use of Microorganisms in Organic Synthesis. II. Microbiological Asymmetric Reduction of 2-Methyl-3-oxosuccinates
Akita, Hiroyuki,Furuichi, Akiya,Koshiji, Hiroko,Horikoshi, Koki,Oishi, Takeshi
, p. 4384 - 4390 (2007/10/02)
In order to synthesize four optically active methyl 2-methylmalates (10-13), microbiological asymmetric reduction of the corresponding dimethyl 2-methyl-3-oxosuccinate (9) was carried out.The β-keto diester 9 was found to be reduced by fermenting baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and Candida albicans to afford a mixture of the (2R,3R)-isomer 10 and the (2S,3R)-isomer 11.Although the optical purity of 10 produced by Candida albicans was reasonably high (95percent e.e.), optical yields of other products were unexpectedly low.However, identification of the four possible isomers 14-17 was found to be easily carried out by means of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.Keywords - α-methyl-β-keto ester; methylmalate; asymmetric reduction; microbiological reduction; yeast; methyl 2-methylmalate