68797-31-9 Usage
Description
Econazole nitrate (EN), also known as Spectazole, is a white crystalline nitric acid salt of econazole. It is a broad-spectrum antifungal medication with weak solubility in water and most organic solvents. EN is used topically for the treatment of various dermatomycoses caused by a wide range of fungi.
Uses
Used in Dermatology:
Econazole nitrate is used as a topical antifungal agent for the treatment of various skin infections caused by fungi. It is effective against conditions such as athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm, and pityriasis. EN is applied as a 1% cream to provide relief and promote healing of the affected areas.
Used in Gynecology:
In addition to its dermatological applications, econazole nitrate is also used vaginally for the treatment of vaginal candidosis, a fungal infection caused by the Candida species. This application helps alleviate symptoms and treat the infection effectively.
Used in the Treatment of Tinea Infections:
Econazole nitrate is used as an antifungal agent for the treatment of tinea infections, which include tinea corporis, tinea manuum, tinea pedis, tinea cruris, and tinea versicolor. It helps in managing the fungal overgrowth and reducing the associated symptoms.
Used in Cutaneous Candidiasis Treatment:
EN is also utilized in the treatment of cutaneous candidiasis, a fungal infection that affects the skin. Its antifungal properties help in controlling the infection and promoting skin health.
Pharmacological action
Econazole nitrate, as a dechlorination derivative of miconazole, is an antifungal drug of piromidic. It has the antibacterial activity against candida, fonsecaea, coccidioides, histoplasma, sporotrichum and so on, and also has the anti-microbial activity against trichophyton,etc, but poor properties on aspergillus, sporothrix schenckii, some dermateaceae and mucor. It can disrupt the activity of cytochrome P450 to inhibit the biosynthesis of ergosterol, the main steroids of fungal cell membrane, damage the fungal cell membrane and change its permeability, so that the important intracellular matter leak out. It can inhibit the biosynthesis of triacylglycerol and phospholipid and the activity of oxidase and peroxidase to cause the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide in cells, which results in submicrostructure degeneration and necrocytosis. It can inhibit the transformation of candida albicans from spores to invasive hypha. It is applicable to tinea manuum, tinea pedis, tinea cruris, tinea corporis, tinea versicolor and cutaneous candidiasis.
Pharmacokinetics
After external use, most medicines enter into the epidermis, as well as the dermis. Only 1% can be absorbed into the blood stream. The amount of reabsorption in urine and faeces is less than 1% of the dosage.
Synthetic routes
Use trichloroacetophenon as the starting material. After revivification and imidazole, add p-chlorobenzyl chloride to prepare the econazole through substitution. Finally econazole nitrate is obtained by salifying with nitric acid.
Fig. 1 shows the synthetic route of econazole nitrate
Contraindication
Do not use during the first trimester or menstruation.
Those allergic to imidazole medicament and other ingredients in this product are forbidden to use.
Primary bacterial infectious cutaneous condition and severe secondary bacterial infections (such as obvious pustules, exudation, pus, skin necrosis and ulcers).
Adverse reaction
Local irritation symptoms, such as pruritus and burning sensation;
Occasional erythema and blister, most of which are short and slight.
Precautions
Intended for external use only. Avoid contact with eyes.
To avoid relapses, patients with cutaneous candidiasis and various tinea diseases require at least a 2-week course of therapy, but at least a 4-week course for tinea pedis for prolonged periods.
Avoid the local tight covering of dressing in the treatment of candidiasis.
Do not be used in the place big area use for a long time.
References
[1] P. Verma, B. Pharm, M. Pharm, K. Pathak, M. Pahrm, Nanosized ethanolic vesicles loaded with econazole nitrate for the treatment of deep fungal infections through topical gel formulation, Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology, and Medicine, 2012, vol. 8, 489-496
[2] R. C. Heel, R. N. Brogden, T. M. Speight and G. S. Avery, Econazole: A Review of its Antifungal Activity and Therapeutic Efficacy, Drugs, 1978, vol. 16, 177-201
[3] http://www.webmd.com
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 68797-31-9 includes 8 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 5 digits, 6,8,7,9 and 7 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 3 and 1 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 68797-31:
(7*6)+(6*8)+(5*7)+(4*9)+(3*7)+(2*3)+(1*1)=189
189 % 10 = 9
So 68797-31-9 is a valid CAS Registry Number.