77252-44-9Relevant articles and documents
Aerobic oxidation of C4-C6 α,ω-diols to the diacids in base-free medium over zirconia-supported (bi)metallic catalysts
Mounguengui-Diallo, Modibo,Sadier, Achraf,Da Silva Perez, Denilson,Nikitine, Clémence,Puchot, Laura,Habibi, Youssef,Pinel, Catherine,Perret, Noémie,Besson, Michèle
, p. 9873 - 9885 (2019/07/04)
Oxidation of aliphatic α,ω-diols is a potentially interesting route to the production of valuable α,ω-diacids or ω-hydroxy acids for various polymer synthesis. 1,4-Butanediol (BDO), 1,5-pentanediol (PDO) and 1,6-hexanediol (HDO) are particularly attractive since they may be obtained from lignocellulosic biomass. The aqueous aerobic oxidation of these diols to the corresponding diacids was investigated in water over a set of Au, Pt, Au-Pt and Au-Pd catalysts supported on zirconia at 70 °C or 90 °C under 40 bar air. The nature of the metallic catalyst influenced the distribution of products as oxidation proceeded. The longer the carbon chain linking the terminal alcohol groups, the higher the yield of the diacid. The best yields of succinic acid, glutaric acid and adipic acid reached 83, 84 and 96% from BDO, PDO and HDO, respectively, over Au-Pt/ZrO2. There was some evidence of decarbonylation of the α,ω-hydroxyaldehyde at the early stage of the reaction. The presence of the hydroxyl substituent in 1,2,6-hexanetriol significantly slowed the oxidation rates compared with HDO. Besides, oxidation of PDO or HDO was highly selective to the ω-hydroxycarboxylate in moderate alkaline medium (NaOH/diol = 2) over Au/ZrO2 (90-93%).
Acidic pH is a metabolic switch for 2-Hydroxyglutarate generation and signaling
Sergiy, M. Nadtochiy,Xenia, Schafer,Dragony, Fu,Keith, Nehrke,Joshua, Munger,Brookes, Paul S.
, p. 20188 - 20197 (2016/11/03)
2-Hydroxyglutarate (2-HG) is an important epigenetic regulator, with potential roles in cancer and stem cell biology. The D-(R)-enantiomer (D-2-HG) is an oncometabolite generated from α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) by mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase, whereas L-(S)-2-HG is generated by lactate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase in response to hypoxia. Because acidic pH is a common feature of hypoxia, as well as tumor and stem cell microenvironments, we hypothesized that pH may regulate cellular 2-HG levels. Herein we report that cytosolic acidification under normoxia moderately elevated 2-HG in cells, and boosting endogenous substrate α-KG levels further stimulated this elevation. Studies with isolated lactate dehydrogenase-1 and malate dehydrogenase-2 revealed that generation of 2-HG by both enzymes was stimulated severalfold at acidic pH, relative to normal physiologic pH. In addition, acidic pH was found to inhibit the activity of the mitochondrial L-2-HG removal enzyme L-2-HG dehydrogenase and to stimulate the reverse reaction of isocitrate dehydrogenase (carboxylation of α-KG to isocitrate). Furthermore, because acidic pH is known to stabilize hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) and 2-HG is a known inhibitor of HIF prolyl hydroxylases, we hypothesized that 2-HG may be required for acid-induced HIF stabilization. Accordingly, cells stably overexpressing L-2-HG dehydrogenase exhibited a blunted HIF response to acid. Together, these results suggest that acidosis is an important and previously overlooked regulator of 2-HG accumulation and other oncometabolic events, with implications for HIF signaling.
A paradigm for solvent and temperature induced conformational changes
Shpasser, Dina,Balazs, Yael S.,Kapon, Moshe,Sheynis, Tania,Jelienk, Raz,Eisen, Moris S.
supporting information; experimental part, p. 8285 - 8289 (2011/08/07)
The complex conformational dependency on environment of Boc-amine (see scheme) has been investigated. This model organic molecule has many features applicable to areas of chemistry, biology, physics, and computational chemistry. It is soluble in both non-polar and polar solvents, conformationally heterogeneous, and capable of supramolecular assembly. Copyright
