822-90-2Relevant articles and documents
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Weidenhagen,Herrmann
, p. 1986 (1935)
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Weidenhagen,Rienaecker
, p. 57,63,64 (1939)
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Lewis Pair Polymerization of Epoxides via Zwitterionic Species as a Route to High-Molar-Mass Polyethers
Walther, Patrick,Krau?, Annabelle,Naumann, Stefan
supporting information, p. 10737 - 10741 (2019/07/04)
A dual catalytic setup based on N-heterocyclic olefins (NHOs) and magnesium bis(hexamethyldisilazide) (Mg(HMDS)2) was used to prepare poly(propylene oxide) with a molar mass (Mn) >500 000 g mol?1, in some cases even >106 g mol?1, as determined by GPC/light scattering. This is achieved by combining the rapid polymerization characteristics of a zwitterionic, Lewis pair type mechanism with the efficient epoxide activation by the MgII species. Transfer-to-monomer, traditionally frustrating attempts at synthesizing polyethers with a high degree of polymerization, is practically removed as a limiting factor by this approach. NMR and MALDI-ToF MS experiments reveal key aspects of the proposed mechanism, whereby the polymerization is initiated via nucleophilic attack by the NHO on the activated monomer, generating a zwitterionic species. This strategy can also be extended to other epoxides, including functionalized monomers.
Phosphine Supported Ruthenium Nanoparticle Catalyzed Synthesis of Substituted Pyrazines and Imidazoles from α-Diketones
Ganji, Prasad,Van Leeuwen, Piet W. N. M.
, p. 1768 - 1774 (2017/02/10)
A new methodology has been developed for the synthesis of highly substituted nitrogen heterocycles such as pyrazines and imidazoles starting from α-diketones using phosphine supported ruthenium nanoparticles (RuNPs) as catalysts. Ruthenium nanoparticles Ru1-Ru4 supported with different phosphines such as dbdocphos, dppp, DPEphos, and Xantphos are screened, of which Ru1 and Ru4 are found to be the most active. Interestingly, aryl-substituted and alkyl-substituted α-diketones produced different products: namely, pyrazine and imidazoles, respectively. This reaction methodology has been applied to the synthesis of a key intermediate (2m) of the marine cytotoxic natural product Dragmacidin B and an estrogen receptor (2l). This work represents the first examples of pyrazines prepared by RuNPs.