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879643-71-7

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879643-71-7 Usage

Applications

Formamidinium lead iodide shows a narrower bandgap than the commonly used methylammonium lead iodide (1.48 eV compared to ~1.57 eV), and hence lies closer to that favourable for optimum solar conversion efficiencies. Spin-coating the formamidinium iodide (FAI) plus PbI2 precursor solution in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) initially resulted in discontinuous perovskite films. However, by adding a small amount of hydroiodic acid (HI) to the stoichiometric FAI, extremely uniform and continuous films were formed. Controlled humidity is another deciding factor that affects the film morphology, crystallinity, and optical and electrical properties of FAPbI3 [2]. 16.6% PCE was achieved with low relative humidity of 2%, with the device efficiency dropped to about half (8.6%) when the humidity was 40%. Low-volatility additives such as FACl and MACl are good candidates for assisting in the crystallisation of phase pure α-FAPbI3 via the formation of intermediate mixtures, which prohibits the crystallisation of the δ-FAPbI3 phase. It also has been observed that the black perovskite-type polymorph (α-phase), which is stable at relatively high temperatures (above 160 oC), turned into the yellow FAPbI3 polymorph (δ-phase) in an ambient humid atmosphere. Results show that incorporation of MAPbBr3 into FAPbI3 stabilises the perovskite phase of FAPbI3 and improves the power conversion efficiency of the solar cell to more than 18% under a standard illumination of 100 mW/cm2. With an approach of FAPbI3 crystallisation by the direct intramolecular exchange of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) molecules intercalated in PbI2 with formamidinium iodide, device with performance over 20% has been fabricated.

Application

With an approach of FAPbI3 crystallisation by the direct intramolecular?exchange of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) molecules intercalated in PbI2 with formamidinium?iodide, device with performance over 20% has been fabricated [5].

Description

Formamidinium lead iodide shows a narrower bandgap than the commonly used methylammonium lead?iodide (1.48 eV compared to ~1.57 eV),?and hence lies closer to that favourable for optimum solar conversion efficiencies. With an approach of FAPbI3 crystallisation by the direct intramolecular?exchange of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) molecules intercalated in PbI2 with formamidinium?iodide, device with performance over 20% has been fabricated.

Uses

Formamidinium iodide (FAI) is an organic halide, which can be used as a precursor solution in the fabrication of perovskite-based heterojunction solar cells.

Check Digit Verification of cas no

The CAS Registry Mumber 879643-71-7 includes 9 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 6 digits, 8,7,9,6,4 and 3 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 7 and 1 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 879643-71:
(8*8)+(7*7)+(6*9)+(5*6)+(4*4)+(3*3)+(2*7)+(1*1)=237
237 % 10 = 7
So 879643-71-7 is a valid CAS Registry Number.

879643-71-7SDS

SAFETY DATA SHEETS

According to Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) - Sixth revised edition

Version: 1.0

Creation Date: Aug 12, 2017

Revision Date: Aug 12, 2017

1.Identification

1.1 GHS Product identifier

Product name formamidinium iodide

1.2 Other means of identification

Product number -
Other names Trioctyl Phosphite

1.3 Recommended use of the chemical and restrictions on use

Identified uses For industry use only.
Uses advised against no data available

1.4 Supplier's details

1.5 Emergency phone number

Emergency phone number -
Service hours Monday to Friday, 9am-5pm (Standard time zone: UTC/GMT +8 hours).

More Details:879643-71-7 SDS

879643-71-7Synthetic route

formamidine
463-52-5

formamidine

formamidinium iodide
879643-71-7

formamidinium iodide

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With hydrogen iodide In ethanol; water
tin(II) iodide

tin(II) iodide

formamidinium iodide
879643-71-7

formamidinium iodide

formamidinium tin(II) iodide

formamidinium tin(II) iodide

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Stage #1: tin(II) iodide With hydrogen iodide; hypophosphorous acid In water at 120℃; Inert atmosphere;
Stage #2: formamidinium iodide In water at 120℃; Reagent/catalyst; Temperature; Solvent; Inert atmosphere;
90%
formamidinium iodide
879643-71-7

formamidinium iodide

lead(II) iodide

lead(II) iodide

formamidinium lead(II) iodide

formamidinium lead(II) iodide

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Stage #1: lead(II) iodide With hydrogen iodide; hypophosphorous acid In water at 120℃; Inert atmosphere;
Stage #2: formamidinium iodide In water at 120℃; Reagent/catalyst; Temperature; Solvent; Inert atmosphere;
60%
formamidinium iodide
879643-71-7

formamidinium iodide

lead(II) iodide

lead(II) iodide

formamidinium lead(II) iodide

formamidinium lead(II) iodide

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Stage #1: lead(II) iodide With hydrogen iodide; hypophosphorous acid In water at 120℃; Inert atmosphere;
Stage #2: formamidinium iodide In water at 20 - 120℃; Inert atmosphere;
60%

879643-71-7Upstream product

879643-71-7Downstream Products

879643-71-7Relevant articles and documents

Semiconducting tin and lead iodide perovskites with organic cations: Phase transitions, high mobilities, and near-infrared photoluminescent properties

Stoumpos, Constantinos C.,Malliakas, Christos D.,Kanatzidis, Mercouri G.

supporting information, p. 9019 - 9038 (2013/09/02)

A broad organic-inorganic series of hybrid metal iodide perovskites with the general formulation AMI3, where A is the methylammonium (CH 3NH3+) or formamidinium (HC(NH 2)2+) cation and M is Sn (1 and 2) or Pb (3 and 4) are reported. The compounds have been prepared through a variety of synthetic approaches, and the nature of the resulting materials is discussed in terms of their thermal stability and optical and electronic properties. We find that the chemical and physical properties of these materials strongly depend on the preparation method. Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of 1-4 classifies the compounds in the perovskite structural family. Structural phase transitions were observed and investigated by temperature-dependent single crystal X-ray diffraction in the 100-400 K range. The charge transport properties of the materials are discussed in conjunction with diffuse reflectance studies in the mid-IR region that display characteristic absorption features. Temperature-dependent studies show a strong dependence of the resistivity as a function of the crystal structure. Optical absorption measurements indicate that 1-4 behave as direct-gap semiconductors with energy band gaps distributed in the range of 1.25-1.75 eV. The compounds exhibit an intense near-IR photoluminescence (PL) emission in the 700-1000 nm range (1.1-1.7 eV) at room temperature. We show that solid solutions between the Sn and Pb compounds are readily accessible throughout the composition range. The optical properties such as energy band gap, emission intensity, and wavelength can be readily controlled as we show for the isostructural series of solid solutions CH3NH3Sn1-xPbxI 3 (5). The charge transport type in these materials was characterized by Seebeck coefficient and Hall-effect measurements. The compounds behave as p- or n-type semiconductors depending on the preparation method. The samples with the lowest carrier concentration are prepared from solution and are n-type; p-type samples can be obtained through solid state reactions exposed in air in a controllable manner. In the case of Sn compounds, there is a facile tendency toward oxidation which causes the materials to be doped with Sn4+ and thus behave as p-type semiconductors displaying metal-like conductivity. The compounds appear to possess very high estimated electron and hole mobilities that exceed 2000 cm2/(V s) and 300 cm2/(V s), respectively, as shown in the case of CH3NH3SnI 3 (1). We also compare the properties of the title hybrid materials with those of the all-inorganic CsSnI3 and CsPbI 3 prepared using identical synthetic methods.

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