911-45-5 Usage
Description
Clomiphene is an antiestrogen thought to increase sperm parameters in
males attempting to conceive. The objective of this review was to
evaluate the efficacy and safety of Clomiphene citrate in the treatment
of male patients with infertility. It is an oral agent used to treat
infertility in women desiring pregnancy. Clomiphene has been linked to a
low rate of transient serum aminotransferase elevations during therapy
and to rare instances of clinically apparent liver injury, which can be
severe and even fatal.A triphenyl ethylene stilbene derivative which is
an estrogen agonist or antagonist depending on the target tissue.
Hormonal modulation
CLOMIPHENE exerts its effects centrally with a
result of increased LH and FSH secretion and increased testicular
testosterone production. Many studies have described significant
increases in serum testosterone, LH, and FSH with CLOMIPHENE treatment.
Studies have revealed comparable increases in serum testosterone levels
in hypogonadal men treated with CLOMIPHENE compared with TRT. CLOMIPHENE
has also been compared with aromatase inhibitors, such as anastrozole,
and CLOMIPHENE has proven to be more effective in increasing
testosterone levels.
Uses
Different sources of media describe the Uses of 911-45-5 differently. You can refer to the following data:
1. Clomifene is used for infertility in order to increase reproductive
properties of oligoovulatory women who have three or four ovulatory cycles per year,
leading to normal monthly ovulation.
2. Antiestrogen.
Indications
Clomifene acts by enhancing follicular growth caused by ovulation. The primary indication
for using clomifene is induction of ovulation in non-ovulating women who still have
some estrogen production.
Synthesis
Clomifene, 2-[p-(2-chloro-1,2-diphenylvinyl)phenoxy]triethylamine
(28.2.4), is synthesized from 4-hydroxybenzophenone by reacting it with 2-diethylaminoethylchloride
in the presence of an alkali, which gives 4-(2-diethylaminoethoxy)benzophenone
(28.2.1). This is reacted with benzylmagnesium chloride in a Grignard reaction,
forming as a result the corresponding carbinol (28.2.2). Dehydrating this with hydrogen chloride gives 2-[p-(1,2-diphenylvinyl) phenoxy]triethylamine (28.2.4), the vinylic hydrogen
atom of which is replaced with a chlorine atom using N-chlorosuccinimide, giving clomifene
(28.2.4) .
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 911-45-5 includes 6 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 3 digits, 9,1 and 1 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 4 and 5 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 911-45:
(5*9)+(4*1)+(3*1)+(2*4)+(1*5)=65
65 % 10 = 5
So 911-45-5 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/C26H28ClNO/c1-3-28(4-2)19-20-29-24-17-15-22(16-18-24)25(21-11-7-5-8-12-21)26(27)23-13-9-6-10-14-23/h5-18H,3-4,19-20H2,1-2H3/b26-25-
911-45-5Relevant articles and documents
Stereoselective Nickel(II)-Catalyzed Addition of Aryl Grignards to Diphenylacetylene in the Synthesis of Zuclomiphene
Blazecka, Peter,Chung, Andrew,Emmett, Michael,Green, Stuart,Karadeolian, Avedis,Le Sueur, Richard,Patel, Dineshkumar,Rey, Allan,Souza, Fabio,Zhao, Yajun
, (2022/03/16)
Stereoselective synthesis of zuclomiphene was developed using nickel-catalyzed addition of 4-fluorophenylmagnesium bromide to 1,2-diphenylacetylene, followed by quenching with a chlorinating reagent. Since the aryl fluoride addition and chlorination reactions occur consecutively in one pot, the cis orientation of the two phenyl groups of 1,2-diphenylacetylene is conserved, leading to the highly selective synthesis of zuclomiphene. The use of the Grignard reagent resulted in the presence of bromide ions in the reaction mixture, which led to the formation of the bromo-analog of zuclomiphene. Alternative routes were then explored to overcome this issue to yield high-purity zuclomiphene.
TEMPO-Regulated Regio- and Stereoselective Cross-Dihalogenation with Dual Electrophilic X+ Reagents
Kong, Yi,Cao, Tongxiang,Zhu, Shifa
, p. 3004 - 3010 (2021/08/23)
A TEMPO catalyzed cross-dihalogenation reaction was established via redox-regulation of the otherwise complex system of dual electrophilic X+ reagents. Formally, the ICl, BrCl, I2 and Br2 were generated in-situ, which enabled high regio- or stereoselective access to a myriad of iodochlorination, bromochlorination and homo-dihalogenation products with a wide spectrum of functionalities. With its mild conditions and operational simplicity, this method could enable wide applications in organic synthesis, which was exemplified by divergent synthesis of two pharmaceuticals. Detailed mechanistic investigations via radical clock reaction, pinacol ring expansion and Hammett experiments were conducted, which confirmed the intermediacy of halonium ion. In addition, a dynamic catalytic model based on the versatile catalytic role of TEMPO was proposed to explain the selective outcomes.
COMPOSITION FOR CROSS TALK BETWEEN ESTROGEN RECEPTORS AND CANNABIONOID RECEPTORS
-
Paragraph 0068; 0074-0076, (2020/03/28)
A composition for cross talk between estrogen receptors and cannabinoid receptors including a chelator and a receptor ligand is provided. A method of synthesizing the composition is also provided, and the composition may be further prepared in pharmaceutical formulations or kits for therapy or molecular imaging.
