1.Identification

1.1 GHS Product identifier

1.2 Other means of identification

1.3 Recommended use of the chemical and restrictions on use

1.4 Supplier's details

1.5 Emergency phone number

2.Hazard identification

2.1 Classification of the substance or mixture

Acute toxicity - Oral, Category 2

Acute toxicity - Dermal, Category 3

Acute toxicity - Inhalation, Category 2

Specific target organ toxicity – repeated exposure, Category 1

Hazardous to the aquatic environment, short-term (Acute) - Category Acute 1

Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term (Chronic) - Category Chronic 1

2.2 GHS label elements, including precautionary statements

Pictogram(s)
Signal word	Danger
Hazard statement(s)	H300 Fatal if swallowed H311 Toxic in contact with skin H330 Fatal if inhaled H372 Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure H410 Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects
Precautionary statement(s)
Prevention	P264 Wash ... thoroughly after handling. P270 Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product. P280 Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection. P260 Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray. P271 Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area. P284 [In case of inadequate ventilation] wear respiratory protection. P273 Avoid release to the environment.
Response	P301+P310 IF SWALLOWED: Immediately call a POISON CENTER/doctor/… P321 Specific treatment (see ... on this label). P330 Rinse mouth. P302+P352 IF ON SKIN: Wash with plenty of water/... P312 Call a POISON CENTER/doctor/…if you feel unwell. P361+P364 Take off immediately all contaminated clothing and wash it before reuse. P304+P340 IF INHALED: Remove person to fresh air and keep comfortable for breathing. P310 Immediately call a POISON CENTER/doctor/… P320 Specific treatment is urgent (see ... on this label). P314 Get medical advice/attention if you feel unwell. P391 Collect spillage.
Storage	P405 Store locked up. P403+P233 Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep container tightly closed.
Disposal	P501 Dispose of contents/container to ...

2.3 Other hazards which do not result in classification

none

3.Composition/information on ingredients

3.1 Substances

4.First-aid measures

4.1 Description of necessary first-aid measures

General advice

Consult a physician. Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.

If inhaled

Fresh air, rest. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.

In case of skin contact

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap. Refer for medical attention .

In case of eye contact

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

If swallowed

Give a slurry of activated charcoal in water to drink. Refer for medical attention . See Notes.

4.2 Most important symptoms/effects, acute and delayed

This material is extremely toxic; the probable oral lethal dose is 5-50 mg/kg, or between 7 drops and 1 teaspoonful for a 150-lb. person. As little as 1 drop can endanger life if splashed in the eye. Toxicity is highest by inhalation. People at special risk are those with a history of glaucoma, cardiovascular disease, hepatic disease, renal disease, or central nervous system abnormalities. (EPA, 1998)

4.3 Indication of immediate medical attention and special treatment needed, if necessary

A comatose patient who is diaphoretic, has pinpoint pupils and the odor of an insecticide on clothing or breath, and is noted to have muscle fasciculations represents the classic presentation of organophosphate poisoning. ... Specific steps in management include the following. 1. Decontamination. ... 2 Airway. Establish an airway if necessary. ... 3. Respiratory Status. Respiratory distress, in fact, is commonly found in these patients from multiple causes. ... 4. Cardiac Monitoring. ... 5. Cholinesterase Level. ... 6. Pralidoxime. Pralidoxime is the treatment of choice for organophosphate poisoning and should be used for nearly all patients with clinically significant organophosphate poisoning, particularly whose patients with muscular fasciculations and weakness. ... 7. Atropine. Atropine is the physiologic antidote for organophosphate poisoning. A trial dose of atropine should be instituted on clinical ground when one suspects organophosphate intoxication. /Organophosphate poisoning/

5.Fire-fighting measures

5.1 Extinguishing media

Suitable extinguishing media

Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may be ineffective.

5.2 Specific hazards arising from the chemical

When heated to decomposition, it can emit toxic fumes of oxides of nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur. High pressure hoses may scatter material from broken containers. Containers may explode when heated. Stable in distilled water and in acid solution. Store below 77-86F. It slowly decomposes in air and hydrolyzes in the presence of alkaline material. Containers may explode when heated. (EPA, 1998)

5.3 Special protective actions for fire-fighters

Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.

6.Accidental release measures

6.1 Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures

Use personal protective equipment. Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Avoid breathing dust. For personal protection see section 8.

6.2 Environmental precautions

Evacuate danger area! Consult an expert! Personal protection: chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Collect leaking liquid in sealable containers. Treat remaining liquid with an alkaline substance. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

6.3 Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up

1. VENTILATE AREA OF SPILL OR LEAK. 2. COLLECT FOR RECLAMATION, OR ABSORB IN VERMICULITE, DRY SAND, EARTH, OR A SIMILAR MATERIAL.

7.Handling and storage

7.1 Precautions for safe handling

Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid formation of dust and aerosols. Avoid exposure - obtain special instructions before use.Provide appropriate exhaust ventilation at places where dust is formed. For precautions see section 2.2.

7.2 Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities

Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing. Separated from strong oxidants and food and feedstuffs. Well closed. Keep in a well-ventilated room.All parathion containers shall be protected from ... corrosion, mechanical damage, and sources of ignition. ... Outdoor storage facilities shall be located at least 20 feet from any dwellings, or a populated area and shall be equipped with a sprinkler system, where feasible.

8.Exposure controls/personal protection

8.1 Control parameters

Occupational Exposure limit values

Recommended Exposure Limit: 10 Hr Time-Weighted Avg: 0.05 mg/cu m. Skin.

Biological limit values

no data available

8.2 Appropriate engineering controls

Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice. Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

8.3 Individual protection measures, such as personal protective equipment (PPE)

Eye/face protection

Safety glasses with side-shields conforming to EN166. Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection

Wear impervious clothing. The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace. Handle with gloves. Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique(without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands. The selected protective gloves have to satisfy the specifications of EU Directive 89/686/EEC and the standard EN 374 derived from it.

Respiratory protection

Wear dust mask when handling large quantities.

Thermal hazards

no data available

9.Physical and chemical properties

10.Stability and reactivity

10.1 Reactivity

no data available

10.2 Chemical stability

STABLE IN DISTILLED WATER IN ACID SOLN; HYDROLYZED IN PRESENCE OF ALKALINE MATERIAL & SLOWLY DECOMP IN AIR.

10.3 Possibility of hazardous reactions

... NOT HIGHLY FLAMMABLELight-yellow liquid, it turns solid at 6° C, a deadly poison by all routes. Organic phosphate insecticide, acts as an inhibitor of cholinesterase. Violent reaction when used as solvent to dissolve endrin. When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of oxides of sulfur, phosphorus, and nitrogen [Lewis, 3rd ed., 1993, p. 984].

10.4 Conditions to avoid

no data available

10.5 Incompatible materials

Strong oxidizers, alkaline materials.

10.6 Hazardous decomposition products

Toxic gases and vapors (such as carbon monoxide, oxides of nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur) may be released when parathion ... /undergoes decomposition/.

11.Toxicological information

Acute toxicity

• Oral: LD50 Rat oral 2 mg/kg
• Inhalation: no data available
• Dermal: no data available

Skin corrosion/irritation

no data available

Serious eye damage/irritation

no data available

Respiratory or skin sensitization

no data available

Germ cell mutagenicity

no data available

Carcinogenicity

Classification of carcinogenicity: 1) evidence in humans: no adequate data; 2) evidence in animals: limited. Overall summary evaluation of carcinogenic risk to humans is Group 3: The agent is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans. /From table/

Reproductive toxicity

No information is available on reproductive effects of parathion in humans; however, methyl parathion, a closely related compound, has been linked with human birth defects. A reduced number of offspring and decreased fetal weight have been reported in rats exposed to parathion by injection, but no malformations were observed. High postnatal mortality was also observed in an animal study.

STOT-single exposure

no data available

STOT-repeated exposure

no data available

Aspiration hazard

no data available

12.Ecological information

12.1 Toxicity

• Toxicity to fish: no data available
• Toxicity to daphnia and other aquatic invertebrates: EC50 Immobilization Daphnia magna 0.8 ug/l/50 hr. /Conditions of bioassay not specified
• Toxicity to algae: no data available
• Toxicity to microorganisms: no data available

12.2 Persistence and degradability

Parathion biodegrades in acclimated natural waters within several weeks(1,2). 5 ppm of parathion completely degraded within 2 weeks in acclimated water from Holland Marsh, a vegetable growing area in Ontario, being almost quantitatively converted to aminoparathion; only 10% degradation occurred in 16 weeks when the water was sterilized(1). In the waters of the Little Miami River, OH, a small stream which receives domestic and industrial waste as well as farm runoff, 50% of parathion (10 ppb) degraded in 1 week and none could be detected after 4 weeks(2). Surface water of varying salinity (0 to 28 ppt), collected from the Mississippi Sound estuary system degraded parathion with a 45-day half-life at 30°C which was independent of salinity(3). Both chemical and the biological action of marine plankton were responsible(4). When the water was filtered to remove the plankton, the half-life at 27°C increased from 41 to 56 days(4). Parathion (1.4 to 28 ppm) degradation in soil with 3 different moisture contents increased with parathion concentration and moisture content(5). The percentage of parathion degraded after 11 days ranged from 96% at high concentration and moisture levels to 20% at low concentrations and moisture levels(5). Further degradation was very slow and the degradation was never complete(5). One reference claims that residues of parathion persisted for >16 yr but the level of application was extremely high(6). After 8 weeks of incubation in an organic and a mineral soil, <2 and 6%, respectively, of the 1 ppm parathion applied remained; in sterilized controls 80 and 95% remained(7). The half-life of parathion (10 ppm) in a sandy loam and organic soil was <1 and 1.5 weeks with only 5% remaining after 3 and 10 weeks, respectively(9). A lag period of approximately 2 weeks occurred when 0.1 and 1 ppm parathion was incubated in Willamette clay loam at moisture levels of 50% field capacity; half-lives were 16 and 26 weeks, respectively(11). Metabolic pathways involve both oxidative and reductive reactions(9). The primary oxidative pathway involves an initial hydrolysis to p-nitrophenol and diethylthiophosphoric acid(9). A second oxidative pathway involves oxidation to paraoxon(9). Under low oxygen conditions reduction to aminoparathion occurs(9). When parathion (500 ppm) is incubated in flooded alluvial soil, 43% remained after 6 days and 0.09% after 12 days(12). The parathion is reduced to aminoparathion under these anaerobic conditions. Amendation of the soil with rice straw increases the rate of degradation(12). In parallel experiments in which parathion was incubated for 30 min in soil suspensions of 5, 30-day flooded (anaerobic) soils and aerobic soils, no degradation occurred in the aerobic soils, while 35 to 68% degradation occurred in the anaerobic soils. The most reduced soils effected the most rapid degradation(13). After repeated application of parathion to flooded soils the degradation pathway shifts from reduction to hydrolysis(14). Parathion is more persistent in flooded saline soils than non-saline soils; degradation was completed in 20 days in a non saline soil and the degradation rate decreased with salinity in 5 soils, ranging from 10 to 50% in 20 days(15). Parathion is degraded in activated sludge treatment plants. With adequate aeration, high levels of parathion wastes were destroyed within 7-10 days in a treatment plant(8). Parathion is destroyed during composting agricultural wastes(10).

12.3 Bioaccumulative potential

... ALTHOUGH NO SPECIFIC DATA ARE AVAILABLE ON POSSIBLE BIOACCUMULATION OR BIOMAGNIFICATION OF PARATHION ... PHYS, CHEM, & BIOL PROPERTIES MAKE IT UNLIKELY THAT THESE PHENOMENA WILL OCCUR IN FOOD CHAINS OR FOOD WEBS.

12.4 Mobility in soil

Parathion had a mobility 0.01 compared to that of water in a French soil(2) and ranked 36 and 40 in a ranking of 41 pesticides by attenuation factor and retardation factor respectively, in 2 sandy soils(5). Some reported Koc values are: 674 (average for 8 Israeli soils) and 1538 (average for 4 Israeli sediments)(1); 10454 for 4 soils(3); 314 to 15860 for unspecified number of soils(4); 2000 average(6); 1310 to 4490 in 6 soils from India(7); 4800(8); 965 to 1700 in 4 soil types with percent organic carbon ranging from 0.41 to 43.7%(9); 1600 to 6200 for 4 Israeli soils(11); 602 to 805 in 5 sterilized Iowa soils(12). The fraction of parathion leached from soil by 10 successive 200 ml applications of water to a soil column was 1.24 and 4.36 for an organic soil and sand, respectively(9). Only a small fraction of parathion adsorbed to a sandy loam, 10%, was found to undergo diffusion (diffusion constant in soil with highest moisture content 0.03 sq cm/day)(10). In soil columns of Nacodoches clay subsoil, parathion leached to 60 inches when 230 inches of rainfall was simulated, while in Houston black clay, 1725 inches of rain were required to produce leaching to 60 inches(13). In field studies, little leaching occurred in 16 yr after 4 annual applications of parathion despite 42 inches of precipitation per year(13). Little parathion was found below 9 inches, 6 yr after 30,000 to 95,000 ppm was applied to the soil(14). In a 15-yr study of residues in a light sand soil, no parathion was found below 8 inches(13). In an 8 mo persistence test under experimental conditions with 20 cm of simulated rain, no parathion was found below 1 inch. In cases where small amounts of parathion penetrated into the soil, it was believed to be the result of the movement of particulate or microparticulate matter containing sorbed parathion(13). In a field study involving the application of parathion to a peach orchard providing watershed for a 2.7 acre pond, no residue was found below 6 inches and there appeared to be little desorption of the insecticide from the bottom sediment of the pond(15). According to a classification scheme(16), these Koc values suggest that parathion is expected to have moderate to no mobility in soil.

12.5 Other adverse effects

no data available

13.Disposal considerations

13.1 Disposal methods

Product

The material can be disposed of by removal to a licensed chemical destruction plant or by controlled incineration with flue gas scrubbing. Do not contaminate water, foodstuffs, feed or seed by storage or disposal. Do not discharge to sewer systems.

Contaminated packaging

Containers can be triply rinsed (or equivalent) and offered for recycling or reconditioning. Alternatively, the packaging can be punctured to make it unusable for other purposes and then be disposed of in a sanitary landfill. Controlled incineration with flue gas scrubbing is possible for combustible packaging materials.

14.Transport information

14.1 UN Number

14.2 UN Proper Shipping Name

14.3 Transport hazard class(es)

14.4 Packing group, if applicable

14.5 Environmental hazards

14.6 Special precautions for user

no data available

14.7 Transport in bulk according to Annex II of MARPOL 73/78 and the IBC Code

no data available

15.Regulatory information

15.1 Safety, health and environmental regulations specific for the product in question

16.Other information

Information on revision

Abbreviations and acronyms

• CAS: Chemical Abstracts Service
• ADR: European Agreement concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road
• RID: Regulation concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Rail
• IMDG: International Maritime Dangerous Goods
• IATA: International Air Transportation Association
• TWA: Time Weighted Average
• STEL: Short term exposure limit
• LC50: Lethal Concentration 50%
• LD50: Lethal Dose 50%
• EC50: Effective Concentration 50%

References

• IPCS - The International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSC), website: http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.home
• HSDB - Hazardous Substances Data Bank, website: https://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/newtoxnet/hsdb.htm
• IARC - International Agency for Research on Cancer, website: http://www.iarc.fr/
• eChemPortal - The Global Portal to Information on Chemical Substances by OECD, website: http://www.echemportal.org/echemportal/index?pageID=0&request_locale=en
• CAMEO Chemicals, website: http://cameochemicals.noaa.gov/search/simple
• ChemIDplus, website: http://chem.sis.nlm.nih.gov/chemidplus/chemidlite.jsp
• ERG - Emergency Response Guidebook by U.S. Department of Transportation, website: http://www.phmsa.dot.gov/hazmat/library/erg
• Germany GESTIS-database on hazard substance, website: http://www.dguv.de/ifa/gestis/gestis-stoffdatenbank/index-2.jsp
• ECHA - European Chemicals Agency, website: https://echa.europa.eu/

Disclaimer: The above information is believed to be correct but does not purport to be all inclusive and shall be used only as a guide. The information in this document is based on the present state of our knowledge and is applicable to the product with regard to appropriate safety precautions. It does not represent any guarantee of the properties of the product. We as supplier shall not be held liable for any damage resulting from handling or from contact with the above product.