WATER (7732-18-5)

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Table of contents:

Chemistry
Uses
Toxcity
Consensus
Safety
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Chemistry

Water is the chemical substance with chemical formula H₂O: one molecule of water as two hydrogen atoms covalently bonded to a single oxygen atom.
Water is a tasteless, odorless liquid at standard temperature and pressure.
Water is a polar molecule, so it has a high surface tension.
Water also has high adhesion properties because of its polar nature.
Water is a very strong solvent and is often referred to as the universal solvent.
The boiling point of water is related to the barometric pressure. For example, on the top of Mt. Everest water boils at about 68 °C (154 °F), compared to 100 °C (212 °F) at sea level.
Water is miscible with many liquids, for example ethanol, in all proportions, forming a single homogeneous liquid.Water and most oils are immiscible usually forming layers according to increasing density from the top. As a gas, water vapor is completely miscible with air.
Water forms an azeotrope with many other solvents.
Water can be split by electrolysis into hydrogen and oxygen.

Uses

Water is essential for the survival of all known forms of life.
In catabolism, water is used to break bonds in order to generate smaller molecules. Water is also central to photosynthesis and respiration.
Water is also central to acid-base neutrality and enzyme function.
For human uses:
1. Agriculture:
The most important use of water in agriculture is for an irrigation and irrigation is key component to produce enough food.
2. Water as a scientific standard
3. For drinking
4. As a dissolving agent or solvent:
Dissolving (or suspending) is used to wash everyday items such as the human body, clothes, floors, cars, food, and pets.
5. As a heat transfer fluid:
Water and steam are used as heat transfer fluids in diverse heat exchange systems, due to its availability and high heat capacity, both as a coolant and for heating.
6. Extinguishing fires:
Water has a high heat of vaporization and is relatively inert, which makes it a good fire extinguishing fluid.
7. Chemical uses:
Organic reactions are usually quenched with water or a water solution of a suitable acid, base or buffer. Water is generally effective in removing inorganic salts.
8. Recreation:
Humans use water for many recreational purposes, as well as for exercising and for sports.
9. Water industry:
The water industry provides drinking water and wastewater services to households and industry.
10. Industrial applications:
Water is used in power generation.
11. Food processing:
Water plays many critical roles within the field of food science.

Toxicity Data With Reference

1.	orl-inf TDLo:333 g/kg:BAH,GIT		ADCHAK Archives of Disease in Childhood. 54 (1979),551.
2.	orl-man TDLo:42.86 g/kg:BAH		JPETAB Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 29 (1926),135.
3.	rec-wmn LDLo:180 g/kg/28H:EYE,BAH,GIT		JAMAAP JAMA, Journal of the American Medical Association. 104 (1935),1569.
4.	ipr-mus LD50:190 g/kg		NTIS** National Technical Information Service. (Springfield, VA 22161) (Formerly U.S. Clearinghouse for Scientific and Technical Information) QD628-313 .
5.	ivn-mus LD50:25 g/kg		MIVRA6 Microvascular Research. 8 (1974),320.
6.	orl-dog LDLo:629 g/kg		JPETAB Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 29 (1926),135.
7.	orl-cat LDLo:320 g/kg		JPETAB Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 29 (1926),135.
8.	orl-rbt LDLo:368 g/kg		JPETAB Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 29 (1926),135.
9.	ivn-rbt LDLo:13 g/kg		JPETAB Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 29 (1926),135.
10.	rec-rbt LDLo:450 g/kg	&

Consensus Reports

EPA Genetic Toxicology Program. Reported in EPA TSCA Inventory.

Safety Profile

Human systemic effects by ingestion of very large amounts: body temperature increase, convulsions, diarrhea, fever, hypermotility, muscle contraction or spasticity, mydriasis, nausea or vomiting, tremors. Human and experimental death reported by various routes at sufficiently large doses.

WATER Basic information
Product Name:WATER
CAS No:7732-18-5
Formula:H₂O

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WATER (7732-18-5)

WATER Basic information